بررسی نقش آموزش بر کیفیت محیط زیست در کشورهای در حال توسعه (کشورهای منتخب منا)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصاد، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران

2 دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصاد، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران

چکیده

اگرچه مدت هاست بشر متوجه اهمیت محیط زیست به عنوان بستر توسعه پایدار در زندگی خود شده، اما تهدیدات زیست محیطی در فرایند توسعه کشورها یک واقعیت انکارناپذیر است. از طرفی، بی توجهی به عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه پایدار، می تواند، پیامدهای جبران ناپذیری را برای جوامع بشری در برداشته باشد در این راستا، با توجه به نقش آموزش در پیشگیری از تخریب محیط زیست، هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر آموزش بر رشد تولید و انتشار CO2 به عنوان شاخص کیفیت محیط زیست طی دوره ی 1992 تا 2112 در کشورهای منتخب خاورمیانه است دراین تحقیق برای آزمون فرضیه ها، مدل اقتصاد سنجی پنل پویا به روش گشتاورهای تعمیم یافته (GMM) برای ایران و 11 کشور منتخب منطقه منا (کشورهای خاورمیانه و شمال آفریقا) به کار گرفته شده است نتایج حاصل از تخمین مدل، حاکی از تاثیر مثبت و معنی دار متغییر آموزش (متوسط سال های مدرسه رفتن) با ضریب 0.12 بر بهبود کیفیت محیط زیست و کاهش رشد آلودگی هوا در طول دوره مورد بررسی در کشورهای فوق است . علاوه بر این، یافتته ها نشان می دهند که بین نهادهای سیاسی و کاهش رشد جمعیت با کاهش رشد آلودگی هوا رابطه مستقلی وجود دارد به عبارت دیگر، با افزایش سطح آموزش در کشورهای در حال توسعه به طور اعم، و با افزایش متوسط سال های تحصیل در مدرسه، نسبت به کل جمعیت به طور اخص، از شدت رشد آلودگی هوا کاسته می شود از این رو، می توان با افزایش سرمایه گذاری در این بخش به کاهش انتشار CO2 در کشورهای منا کمک کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

(The Investigation of the Role of Environmental Quality in Developing Countries, (Selected MENA Countries

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sedigheh Atrkar Roshan 1
  • Zahra Fathi 2
1 Department of Economics, Faculty of Social and Economic Studies, University of Alzahra, Tehran, Iran
2 , Faculty of Social and Economic Studies,University of Alzahra, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

It is a long time that human being have paid attention to the importance of environmental issues, nevertheless, the environmental threats are part of a development process that may not be denied. Inattention to the effective criteria of sustainable development can cause irreversible costs for various societies. Based upon the role of education in the prevention of environmental degradation, the purpose of this research is to study the effect of education in production and emission of greenhouse gas of carbon dioxide during the period of 1992 to 2012. For hypotheses testing of the research, the Dynamic Panel Data (DPD) through the Generalized Moments Method (GMM) has been used for 12 selected countries including Iran in Middle East and North African Countries (MENA region. The findings of this study indicate, the positive and significant impact of the education variable on the improvement of environmental quality and reduction of air pollution. Besides, the results show that there is a direct relation between the political agencies and the lessening of population growth to the decline of air pollution. With the raise of the average schooling in total population, the growth of air pollution is declined. As a consequence, increasing investment in education and the average schooling can lead to lessen CO2 emission in selected MENA countries including Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Co2 Emission Development
  • Education
  • Dynamic Panel Data
  • GMM
  • MENA Countries
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