نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه اقتصاد محیط زیست، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
2 دکترای برنامه ریزی محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط ریست، دانشگاه تهران
3 دانشجوی دکترای مدیریت محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست و انرژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران
چکیده
در کشور ما ناکافی بودن پوشش حمل‌و‌نقل عمومی موجب شده است تا افراد زیادی از وسایل نقلیه شخصی استفاده کنند و افزایش مشکلات اقتصادی، تورم بالا و کاهش قدرت خرید مردم نیز منجر به استفاده از خودروهای فرسوده توسط افراد زیادی شده است که هزینه‌های بالایی را به جامعه تحمیل می‌کنند. نوع مواد و روش تحقیق در این مقاله، با توجه به گستردگی کار و نبود بانک اطلاعاتی در این زمینه، از نوع کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی است. به این صورت که ابتدا تعداد کل خودروهای کشور برآورد شد، سپس بر اساس تعریفی از خودروهای فرسوده ، تعداد خودروهای فرسوده کشور برآورد شد. در مرحله بعد سهم حمل‌و‌نقل و به‌ویژه حمل‌و‌نقل جاده‌ای در ایجاد هزینه‌های اجتماعی ناشی از انتشار آلاینده‌ها به‌دست آمد. بعد از این مرحله، سهم خودروهای فرسوده و سالم از انتشار آلاینده‌ها محاسبه شد و در مرحله آخر با توجه به محاسبات صورت‌گرفته، سهم خودروهای فرسوده در ایجاد هزینه‌های اجتماعی ناشی از انتشار آلاینده‌ها در کشور محاسبه شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که در سال 1390، حدود 11 درصد از خودروهای کشور فرسوده بودند، که این تعداد خودروی فرسوده در این سال، هزینه‌ای بالغ بر 102283 میلیارد ریال بر جامعه تحمیل کرده‌اند، به‌طوری‌که از این بین سهم هر خودروی فرسوده هزینه‌ای بالغ بر 66600077 ریال بوده است. برای کاهش این هزینه‌ها، ارائه سیستم یکپارچه کارا و البته عملیاتی مدیریت خودروهای فرسوده از سوی دولت، برای جمع‌آوری و بازیافت این خودروها در کشور لازم و ضروری است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Estimating the Social Cost of Pollutant Emissions from Obsolete Cars in Iran
نویسندگان [English]
- Naghmeh Mobarghaee 1
- Amir Hedayati Aghmashhadi 2
- Samaneh Zahedi 3
1 Assistant Professor, Environmental Science Research Institute University of Shahid Beheshti
2 PhD of Environmental Planning, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran
3 PhD Candidate of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Azad University of Science and Research, Tehran Branch.
چکیده [English]
The transportation sector is the fastest growing energy demand in the world and it has created many economic and environmental problems for both industrial and developing countries. Economic problems, including high inflation and low developed public transport, are the main causes of the spread using of obsolete private vehicles in Iran that and this has imposed high costs on the society. In this research for estimating the social cost of obsolete cars, first of all the number of old cars in the country has been calculated and, then the social cost that old cars impose on the community have been calculated by assessing the effect of each pollutant gas. The result shows that, in 2011, although only about 11 percent of the country’s cars were old, they cause more than 75 percent of pollutant emissions and this has also imposed about 32 million dollars social costs to the society. To reduce this cost, it is necessary to have a well managed integrated transport system operated by governmental and private sectors.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Old Car
- Social Cost
- Iran
- transport
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