درک پدیده بی رنگی در فضاهای شهری کلانشهر تهران با کاربست رویکرد پدیدارشناسی تفسیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه برنامه ریزی و طراحی شهری و منطقه ای، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: رنگ همواره یکی از اجزای وصف تجارب، خاطرات مرتبط با افراد و مناظر بوده است. پدیده بی رنگی فضاهای شهری با کاهش ویژگی­ هایی نظیر خاطره ­انگیری و افول تصویر ذهنی همراه است که در نهایت می تواند کیفیت ادراکی ساکنان را با چالش مواجه نماید. بنابراین، تجریه ماهیت حیات رنگ در شهر می تواند به ارتقا کیفیت فضای شهری منجر شود. با وجود اهمیت رنگ در روانشناسی محیطی، مطالعات اندکی به درک و فهم پدیده رنگ در فضاهای شهری پرداخته ­اند. این امر در کشورهای در حال توسعه با حجم ساخت و ساز زیاد در مناطق شهری، کمتر دیده شده است.
مواد و روش­ ها: در این پژوهش، رویکرد پدیدارشناختی تفسیری(IPA) به عنوان یک رویکرد کیفی، که هدف آن ارائه بررسی­ های دقیق از تجربه زندگی شخصی از درک رنگی شهر به کار گرفته شده است، تا ماهیت تجربه زیسته، بدون پیش ­فرض ­های نظری از قبل تجویز شده، برای درک معنایی انسان از رنگ کشف شود. لذا، ابزار مصاحبه عمیق جهت دریافت ادراکات افراد از رنگ در فضاهای شهری کلانشهر تهران به کار گرفته شد و با یازده نفر از خبرگان حوزه شهرسازی، طراحی شهری و معماری با تکنیک گلوله برفی مصاحبه شد. سپس, از نرم­ افزار MaxQDA2020 جهت تجزیه و تحلیل نتایج مصاحبه ­های پیاده سازی شده استفاده شده که به استخراج چهار مضمون اصلی منجر شده است.
نتایج و بحث: 1) تعامل مضامین زوال پالت رنگی در ساخت و سازهای معاصرشهرهای ایران 2) تلاش برای حضور رنگ در شهر 3) زندگی رنگی در فضاهای شهری 4) دلبستگی با محیط ­های رنگ نشان می ­دهد که ماهیت درک رنگی از فضاهای شهری تهران موید دو مضمون رنگ گرایی و رنگ گریزی است که به ترتیب منجر به ارتقا دلبستگی مکان (برای ارتقا کیفیت محیط) و کاهش دلبستگی به مکان (عدم توجه به ارتقا کیفیت محیط و نگهداری آن) می­شود. رنگ گریزی منجر به رنگ ­پریدگی، مات­ شدگی و خاکستری شدن ویژگی عمده رنگ در کلانشهرهای ایران و به طور خاص تهران می ­شود. کمرنگ شدن هویت­ های رنگی محلی، کاهش تنوع رنگی و اغتشاش بصری را به همراه دارد که نهایتا باعث کاهش ارتباط و دلبستگی شهر و فضاهای شهری به تهران شده است. مطالعه ما دارای نقاط قوت و محدودیت­ هایی است. اولین نقطه قوت انجام تحقیقات کیفی بود که مزایای زیادی را ارائه می­ دهد و تکمیل کننده تحلیل کمی موجود در استفاده از رنگ در فضاهای شهری است. ثانیاً، این مطالعه با جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از متخصصان مختلف در بخش طراحی و برنامه ­ریزی شهری، که ممکن است تجربه و اطلاعاتی در مورد رنگ در فضاهای شهری داشته باشند، درک عمیق‌تری از دلایل تشویق و رد رنگ در فضاهای عمومی ارائه می‌کند.
نتیجه ­گیری: استفاده از رنگ می ­تواند زندگی اجتماعی و دلبستگی مکانی به فضاهای شهری را تشویق کند و سلامت جمعیت به ویژه سلامت روان را بهبود بخشد. نتایج این مطالعه می­ تواند به دانش ضمنی طراحان و برنامه ­ریزان شهری و مدیران شهری برای جلب مشارکت شهروندان در ارتقا کیفیت فضا کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Understanding Achromaticity in Urban Spaces Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in Tehran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shora Shahriari 1
  • Pooyan Shahabian 1
  • Azadeh Lak 2
1 Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Urban and Regional Design and Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Color has always been a part of describing experiences and memories of people and landscapes. Achromaticity in urban spaces can affect aspects such as memorability and can consequently lead to diminished mental images, challenging the perceptive quality of inhabitants. On this basis, experiencing the vitality of colors in cities can improve the quality of urban spaces. Despite the importance of color in people’s perception of urban spaces, few studies have investigated the understanding of chromaticity in such areas. This gap widens in developing countries, such as Iran with extensive construction in its urban areas.
Material and methods: In this study, interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used as a qualitative approach to provide an accurate examination of personal life experience of urban color perception in order to discover the nature of the lived experience of human understanding of color without any previously prescribed theoretical premise. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were carried out to obtain individuals’ perceptions of color in urban spaces of Tehran, Iran. Eleven experts in urban planning and development and architecture were selected through snowball sampling. The interviews were then analyzed in MAXQDA 2020, which yielded four main themes.
Results and discussion: The interaction between the following four themes—i.e., 1) diminished color palette in modern constructions in Iranian cities, 2) attempt to embed colors in urban spaces, 3) colorful life in urban spaces, and, 4) attachment to colorful environments—underlined the color perception of Tehran’s urban spaces in two themes. The first theme was chromophilia, which increased place attachment (boosting the quality of the environment), and the second was chromophobia, which reduced place attachment (ignoring the improved quality of space and its preservation). Chromophobia can result in paleness, mattness, and grayness of the general aspect of color in the metropolises of Iran, particularly, in Tehran. The fading of local color can cause a diminution of the variety of colors and visual annoyance, which has led to diminished connection and attachment of the city and urban spaces to Tehran. Another finding emphasized using of color in improving attachment and belonging, influenced by environmental context and the formal and color landscape of cities (as well as climate, nature, function, and economy), to indicate principles such as spatial unity, eligibility, mystification, variety, citizens’ presence in a context where participation is based on the needs of different demographic-social groups.
Conclusion: Using color could encourage social life and place attachment to urban spaces and it could improve population health, particularly, mental health. The results of the study can add up to the tacit knowledge of urban planners, designers, and managers to attract citizen participation in improving the quality of urban spaces.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "perception of the phenomenon of color" "chromophile & chromophobia"
  • "urban space"
  • "interpretative phenomenological analysis"
  • "Tehran"

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 21، شماره 1
1402
صفحه 247-268

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