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ارزیابی تغییرات هیدرواکولوژیک رودخانه هلیل رود و نقش سدهای در دست بهره برداری در ایجاد آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تنوع زیستی و مدیریت اکوسیستم ها، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: گرچه آب عنصر اصلی توسعه پایدار به شمار می ­رود، اما پروژه­ های سدسازی در راستای مدیریت منابع آب در سال­ های اخیر نتوانسته است تعادل میان مصارف انسانی و نیاز آبی اکوسیستم ­های طبیعی را به گونه ­ای حفظ کند که ضمن
 بهره ­برداری با اهداف اجتماعی و اقتصادی، حیات  پایدار سیستم ­های رودخانه ­ای نیز تضمین شود. این پژوهش کوشیده­ است در حوضه بالادست سد جیرفت به عنوان ناحیه کلیدی تامین آب در نیمه غربی حوضه آبخیز جازموریان که به نام هلیل­ رود نیز شناخته می­ شود، نسبت به درک اثرات هیدرولوژیک و پیامدهای اکولوژیک ساخت سدها اقدام نماید.
مواد و روش ­ها: در این پژوهش معنادار بودن روند تغییرات بلند مدت متوسط آبدهی سالیانه در رودخانه ­های محدوده مطالعات در محل ایستگاه ­های هیدرومتری سلطانی، بافت، هنجان، میدان، قلعه ­ریگی، کناروئیه و حسین ­آباد و نیز تغییرات متوسط بارندگی سالانه در ایستگاه ­های باران­ سنجی متناظر با مناطق فوق در بازه زمانی 38 ساله (98-1360) با استفاده از آزمون من-کندال بررسی شده و سپس 33 پارامتر هیدرولوژیکی (بر اساس آمار دبی روزانه جریان در ایستگاه ­حسین ­آباد در بازه زمانی مذکور) به عنوان شاخص‌ نیازهای اکولوژیک (که متاثر از سدهای مخزنی بافت و جیرفت است) با استفاده از رویکرد محدوده تغییرپذیری و
 نرم ­افزار IHA در دو دوره قبل و بعد از احداث سدها مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته‌اند.
نتایج و بحث: بر اساس آزمون من-کندال، متوسط آبدهی سالیانه در رودخانه­ های بالادست مخزن سد جیرفت در طول 38 سال گذشته در سطح 95 و 99 درصد افت معنادار دبی داشته ­اند، اما روند تغییرات متوسط بارندگی سالیانه در همین بازه جز در یک ایستگاه (هنجان) معنادار نبوده است که این تفاوت ناشی از اثرات منفی ساخت سدها است و توسط خروجی مدل IHA نیز تایید گردید. لازم به ذکر است بر اساس خروجی مدل مذکور  3 ویژگی­ هیدرو-اکولوژیک جریان رودخانه هلیل از زمان بهره ­برداری سد جیرفت (سال 1371) دچار تغییرات اساسی شده، اما بهره ­برداری سد بافت در بالادست سد جیرفت در سال 1388 منجر به تشدید اثرات منفی ویژگی­ های جریان (خارج از محدوده قابل قبول تغییرپذیری اکولوژیکی) هلیل­ رود شده­ است.
نتیجه ­گیری: به منظور جلوگیری از تشدید بحران آب، ضرورت دارد اثرات تجمعی در احداث سدهای زنجیره­ای با رویکرد
هیدرو اکولوژیک به دقت مدنظر قرار گیرد و برنامه تخصیص آب سدها به ­ویژه حقابه ­های محیط زیستی با توجه به تحولات بالادست حوضه هر سد بازنگری گردد تا اهداف مدیریت یکپارچه منابع آب برای تامین نیازهای اجتماعی-اقتصادی پایدار در کنار حفظ سلامت و بقای اکوسیستم­ های طبیعی تضمین گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of hydro-ecological alteration of Halil-Rud Basin and analysis of the role of operating dams in causing it

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nahid Ahmadi 1
  • Hossein Mostafavi 1
  • Khosro Piri 1
  • Hossein Zeinivand 2

1 Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorram-Abad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: However the role of water in sustainable development is vital, the launched infrastructure projects of Integrated Water Resources Management Plans in recent years have not been able to completely maintain the balance between human consumption for socio-economic activities and the water needs of natural ecosystems to guarantee the sustainable life for riverine ecosystems. In this regard, this research investigated the hydrological effects and ecological consequences of the construction of dams in the upstream basin of Jiroft Dam as the key water supply zone in the western Jazmurian watershed, which is also known as Halil-Rud River.
Material and methods: In this research, the significance of the long-term changes of the mean annual discharge in the rivers of the study area at the hydrometric stations of Solatni, Baft, Hanjan, Meydan, Qale-Rigi, Konarooiye and Hossein-Abad, as well as the alterations in the mean annual precipitation of rainfall gauges in the period of 38 years (1980-2018) have been analyzed by Mann-Kendall Test and then 33 hydrological parameters (based on the daily discharge of Hossein-Abad hydrometric station in the mentioned period) as indicators of ecological needs (which is affected by the Baft and Jiroft reservoir dams) have been analyzed by using the variability range approach and IHA software in two periods before and after the construction of the dams.
Results and discussion: According to the Mann-Kendall test results, although the mean annual discharge in the rivers upstream of Jiroft dam has had a significant drop at the level 95 and 99% of discharge during the past 38 years, the trend of change in the mean annual precipitation in the same period, except one station (Hanjan), was not significant and this difference was due to the negative effects of dams construction and it was also confirmed by the output of the IHA model. It should be noted that based on the output of the mentioned model, 33 hydro-ecological features of Halil-Rud river flow showed fundamental alterations since the operation of Jiroft Dam (1992), but the operation of Baft Dam upstream of Jiroft Dam in 2008 has led to intense negative effects of flow characteristics (outside the acceptable range of ecological variability) in Halil-Rud River.
Conclusion: In order to prevent the magnification of the water crisis, the cumulative effects of the construction of chain dams should be considered using hydro-ecological approaches, as well as the water allocation programs, especially the environmental flows should be revised according to the upstream developments of each dam basin, so that the sustainable socio-economic needs as the goals of integrated water resources management would be provided and also the health and survival of the natural ecosystem would be guaranteed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hydro-ecology
  • Dam
  • Integrated Water resources Management
  • IHA
  • RVA
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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 21، شماره 1
فروردین 1402
صفحه 65-86
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