ارزیابی پایداری پیوند سیستم‌های آب-انرژی - غذا در محصولات کشاورزی (مطالعه موردی شهرستان دهگلان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اگرواکولوژی، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی ، تهران، ایران

2 گروه اقتصاد محیط زیست و منابع طبیعی، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: امروزه مدیر یت منابع کشاورزی به دلیل ضرورت رسیدگی به موضوع های چالش برانگیز بین بخش های عرضه و تقاضا، یک وظیفه اساسی برای مدیرا ن و برنام ه ریزان است. براین اساس، بسیاری از محققان تأکید می کنند که آب، انرژی و غذا در جهان دچار تنش و کمبود قابل توجهی شده اند و تقاضا برای این منابع طی دهه های آینده به طور قابل توجهی افزایش می یابد. هدف اصلی تحقیق حاضر، ارائه روشی برای تصمیم گیران در تجزیه و تحلیل پیوند آب، غذا و انرژی در سیستم تولید محصول های زراعی در سطح منطقه ای و انجام ارزیابی کمی از آن است، که می توان از آن برای ایجاد الگوی کشت مناسب و بهینه با توجه به منابع موجود منطقه استفاده کرد.
مواد و رو ش ها: مقاله حاضر به منظور ارزیابی پیوند آب – انرژی - غذا محصول های کشاورزی در شهرستان دهگلان انجام شد. داده های مورد نیاز از طریق مصاحبه رودرو با کشاورزان و آمار جهاد کشاورزی جمع آوری شد. روش پیشنهادی این مقاله، براساس شش سنجه مصرف آب و انرژی، بهره و ری فیزیکی آب و انرژی و بهره وری اقتصادی آب و انرژی معرفی شد. براساس مجموعه این سنجه ها، یک سنجه پیوند آب– انر ژی - غذ ا( WEFNI ) برای هر محصول محاسبه شد. ا ین روش برای ارزیابی 7 محصول اصلی گندم، سیب زمینی، یونجه، خیار، جو، هویج و کلزا در مزر عه های آبی شهرستان دهگلان در سا ل آبی 99 - 1398 اعمال شد.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که یونجه و سیب زمینی در بین این محصول ها به ترتیب بیشترین مصرف آب (13131 مترمکعب در هکتار) و انرژی (85404 مگاژول در هکتار) را به خود اختصاص دادند. کمترین مصرف آب ( 4197 مترمکعب در هکتار) و انرژی ( 4 / 31394 مگاژول در هکتار) در محصول جو به دست آمد. مصرف کودهای شیمیایی بیشترین سهم را در بخش انرژی (بجز یونجه) داشتند. در محصول یونجه با توجه به بالا بودن عملیات مکانیزاسیون، ماشین آلات بیشترین سهم مصرف انرژی را داشت. بیشترین بهره وری مصرف آب ( 08 / 7 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) و انرژی ( 03 / 1 کیلوگرم بر مگاژول) را محصول هویج به خود اختصاص داد. همچنین کمترین بهره وری مصرف آب و انرژی برای کلزا به ترتیب با 44 / 0 کیلوگرم بر مترمک عب و 06 / 0 کیلوگرم بر مگاژول محاسبه شد. در سنجه بهر ه وری اقتصادی آب و انرژی بیشترین مقدار به ترتیب برای خیار ( 92959 ریال بر مترمکعب) و هویج ( 13202 ریال بر مگاژول) به دست آمد. کمترین بهره وری اقتصادی آب و انرژی با 1549 ریال بر مترمکعب برای هویج و 10688 ریال بر مگاژول برای کلزا محاسبه شد. این مطالعه نشان داد که WEFNI محاسبه شده برای محصول های هویج، خیار، سیب زمینی، گندم، جو، کلزا و یونجه در شهرستان دهگلان، به ترتیب برابر با 86 / 0 ، 73 / 0 ، 51 / 0 ، 41 / 0 ، 4 / 0 ، 3 / 0 و 26 / 0 میباش د. هویج بالاترین امتیا ز WFENI )بهترین امت یاز( و یونجه کمترین امتیاز ) بدترین امتیاز ( را به خود احتصاص دادند. اگر چه سیب زمینی که یکی از محصول های آبی با سطح بالای کشت در منطقه می باشد و مصرف آب و انرژی بالایی دارد، ولی به دلیل بهره وری فیزیکی و بهره وری اقتصادی بالا، سومین نمره سنجه کل را به دست آورد .
نتیجه گیری: در این تحقیق محصول های کشاورزی براساس سنجه های مصرف آب و انرژی، بهره وری فیزیکی آب و انرژی و بهره وری
اقتصادی آب و انرژی مقایسه شدند. براساس این سنجه ها، سنجه پیوند آب، انرژی و غذا محاسبه شد. همچنین نتایج می تواند به عنوان ابزاری مؤثر برای تعیین استراتژی های مناسب الگوی کشت، مدیریت منابع آب و انرژی در منطقه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد و مبنایی برای برنامه ریزی و سیاست های کشاورزی استان شود .

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of water- energy- food nexus in agricultural products of Dehgolan County

نویسندگان [English]

  • Salah Mafakheri 1
  • Hadi Veisi 1
  • Korous Khoshbakht 1
  • Mohammad Reza Nazari 2
1 Department of Agroecology, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Environment and Natural Resources Economics Department, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Today, agricultural resource management is a fundamental task for managers and planners due to the need to address the challenging issues between the supply and demand sectors. Accordingly, many researchers have emphasized that water, food, and energy in the world are experiencing significant stress and scarcity, and demand for these resources will increase significantly in the coming decades. The main purpose of this study is to provide a method for decision-makers in analyzing the link between water, energy, and food in the crop production system at the regional level and to perform a quantitative evaluation of it, which can be used to create a suitable and optimal cultivation pattern with pay attention to the available resources of the area.
Material and methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate the water-food-energy relations of agricultural products in Dehgolan County. The required data were collected through face-to-face interviews with farmers and agricultural jihad statistics. The method of this paper was based on six indicators of water and energy consumption, mass productivity of water and energy, and economic productivity of water and energy. Based on these indicators, a water-food-energy index (WFENI) was calculated for each product. This method was applied to evaluate 7 main crops of wheat, potato, alfalfa, cucumber, barley, carrot, and rapeseed in water farms of Dehgolan County in the years 2019-2020.
Results and discussion: The results of data analysis showed that alfalfa and potatoes had the highest water consumption (13131 cubic meters per hectare) and energy (85404 megajoules per hectare), respectively. Barley had the lowest water consumption (4197 cubic meters per hectare) and energy consumption (31394.4 megajoules per hectare). The use of chemical fertilizers had the largest share in the energy sector (except alfalfa). In the alfalfa crop, due to high mechanization operations, machinery had the largest share of energy consumption. Carrot was the most productive in water consumption (7.08 kg/m3) and energy (1.03 kg/mJ). Also, the lowest water and energy efficiency for canola (0.44 kg/m3) and energy (0.06 kg/MJ) were obtained. In the economic index of water and energy productivity, the highest values were obtained for cucumber (92959 Rials per cubic meter) and carrot (13202 Rials per megajoule), respectively. The lowest economic efficiency of water and energy was calculated 1549 Rials per cubic meter for carrots and 10688 Rials per megajoule for canola. This study showed that the WEFNI was calculated 0.86, 0.73, 0.51, 0.41, 4 / 0, 0.3, and 0.26 for carrot, cucumber, potato, wheat, barley, canola, and alfalfa crops , respectively, in Dehgolan city. Carrots received the highest WFENI score (best score) and alfalfa the lowest (worst score). Although potato, which is one of the water crops with a high level of cultivation in the region, had high water and energy consumption, due to its high physical productivity and economic productivity, it obtained the third score of the total index.
Conclusion: In this study, agricultural products were compared based on indicators of water and energy consumption, physical productivity of water and energy, and economic productivity of water and energy. Based on these indicators, the water, food, and energy link index were calculated. The results can also be used as an effective tool to determine appropriate strategies for cultivation patterns, management of water and energy resources in the region, and a basis for planning and agricultural policies in the county.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water-Energy-Food System Nexus
  • Mass Productivity
  • Economic Productivity
  • Dehgolan

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 19، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 287-306

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