تاثیر احداث راه‌آهن یزد- اقلید بر پوشش گیاهی و خاک در بوته زارهای منطقه حفاظت شده کالمند-بهادران استان یزد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و کویر شناسی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: احداث راه آهن از فعالیت های مهم در توسعه هر کشور محسوب می شود. عملیات احداث راه آهن بر محیط زیست اطراف راه آهن اثرهایی را می تواند داشته باشد. این مطالعه اثر احداث راه آهن یزد-اقلید را بر برخی ویژگی های پوشش گیاهی و خاک تیپ های درمنه و علف شتر واقع در منطقه حفاظت شده کالمند-بهادران بررسی نمود.
مواد و روش ها: به منظور ارزیابی متغیرهای پوشش گیاهی و خاک در تیپ های مورد مطالعه، از روش نمونه برداری تصادفی سیستماتیک استفاده شد. از روش نمونه برداری تصادفی - سیستماتیک استفاده شده؛ بدین صورت که در داخل هر تیپ، سه منطقه با فاصله های مختلف از راه آهن شامل منطقه اول (فاصله 0 تا 250 متری)، منطقه دوم (فاصله 250 تا 500 متری) و منطقه سوم (فاصله 500 تا 1000 متری) از راه آهن در نظر گرفته شد و نمونه برداری از پوشش گیاهی و خاک صورت گرفت. در داخل هر منطقه 4 ترانسکت 100 متری به طور تصادفی و تعداد 2 پلات در ابتدا و انتهای هر ترانسکت به صورت سیستماتیک قرار داده شد و درنهایت داده های حاصل از اندازه گیری پوشش گیاهی و آزمایش های مربوط به خاک به دلیل مقایسه بیش از دو گروه با استفاده از آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و آزمون دانکن به کمک نرم افزار SPSS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت .
نتایج و بحث: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که احداث راه آهن در منطقه حفاظت شده کالمند- بهادران واقدام هایی که در طی فرایند احداث انجام می شود ، می تواند اثرهایی را بر ویژگی های فیزیک و شیمیایی خاک و پوشش گیاهی داشته باشد به این صورت که در تیپ درمنه سبب کاهش معنی داری تولید فرم رویشی بوته ای ( 81 / 0 گر م)شده است( P <0.05 ) . همچنین کاهش معنی دار هدایت الکتریکی ( ds/m78 / 0)، پتاسیم ( ppm64 / ) اسیدیته ( 7 / 7) و درصد آهک ( 25 / 26 ) شد ه( P <0.05 ) و کاهش معنی داری درصد رس ( 4 %) شده است( P <0.01 ). در تیپ علف شتر احداث راه آهن افزایش معنی دار تولید (13 / 6گرم)، تراکم ( 42 / 1 ) و درصد پوشش ( 01 / 6) فرم رویشی بوته ای شده است ( P <0.05 ) و همچنین با عث کاهش معنی داری تولید فرم رویشی درختچه ای (0 )، درصد پوشش فرم رویشی درختچه ای ( 17 / 0 ) ( P <0.05 ) و تراکم فرم رویشی درختچه ای ( 0) شده است ( P <0.01 ) . در خصوص تاثیر احداث راه آهن بر پارامترهای خاکی این تیپ می توان گفت احداث راه آهن سبب افزایش معنی دار درصد سنگ ( 93 %) و کاهش معنی داری درصد سیلت ( 2 %) ، هدایت الکتریکی ( ds/m66 / 1) شده ( P <0.05 ) و همچنین باعث کاهش معنی داری مواد آلی( 18 / 0 ) عناصرفسفر( ppm25 / 5 ) و پتاسیم( ppm63 / 0 ) شد ( P <0.01 . )
نتیجه گیری: احداث راه آهن و باتوجه به فعالیت هایی که در طی فرایندهای جهت ساخت واحداث مسیر ریلی صورت می گیرد می تواند سبب جابه جایی خاک اطراف راه آهن شده و همین اقدام مقدمه فرسایش خاک و آبی منطقه را فراهم می کند که موجب فقیر شدن و کاهش کیفیت خاک اطراف منطقه های نزدیک راه آهن و به تبع آن کاهش تولید گیاهی در برخی منطقه ها را در بر داشته است .

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of the construction of Yazd-Eghlid railway on vegetation and soil of shrublands in Kalmand-Bahadoran Protected Area (Yazd Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hanieh Khodad Saryazdi 1
  • Samira Hosseinjafari 2
  • Mohammadreza Elmi 1
1 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Desert Studies, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
2 Researcher, Forest and Rangeland Research Department, Agricultural Research and Training Center, Yazd Province, Yazd, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Railway construction is one of the important activities in the development of any country. Railway construction operations can have an impact on the environment around the railway. This study investigated the effects of Yazd-Eghlid railway construction on some vegetation and soil characteristics of artemisia and camel grass species located in Kalmand-Bahadoran Protected Area.
Material and methods: In order to evaluate the vegetation and soil variables in the studied types, random-systematic sampling method was used. Random-systematic sampling method is used; Thus, within each brigade, three areas with different distances by rail include the first area (distance 0 to 250 meters), the second area (distance 250 to 500 meters) and the third area (distance 500 to 1000 meters) from Railway was considered and vegetation and soil samples were taken. Within each area, 4 100-meter transects were randomly placed and 2 plots at the beginning and end of each transect were systematically placed. The reason for comparison of more than two groups was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan test using SPSS software.
Results and discussion: The results of this study showed that the construction of a railway in the Kalmand-Bahadoran Protected Area and the measures taken during the construction process may affect the physical and chemical properties of soil and vegetation, which in the Artemisia type causes a significant decrease in the production of plant vegetative form srub (0.81 g) (P <0.05). Also, a significant decrease in electrical conductivity (0.78 ds/m), potassium (0.64), acidity (7.7),lime percentage (26.25) (P <0.05), and percentage of clay (4%) (P <0.01) was observed. In the Cornulaca type, construction of railways significantly increased production (6.13 g), density (1.42), and percentage of cover form shrub (6.01) (P <0.05). It also significantly reduced the production of shrub vegetative form (0), the percentage of shrub vegetative form cover (0.17) (P <0.05) and the density of shrub vegetative form (0) (0.01), (P <0.01). Regarding the effect of railway construction on soil parameters of this type, it can be said that railway construction causes a significant increase in the percentage of rock (93%) and a significant decrease in the percentage of silt (2%), electrical conductivity (ds / m66 (P <0.05) and also significantly reduced organic matter (0.18), phosphorus (5.25 ppm) and potassium (0.63 ppm) (P <0.01).
Conclusion:The construction of the railway and activities that take place during the processes for the construction of the railway units can cause the movement of soil around the railway, whichcauses soil and water erosion in the region that may lead toa decrease in soil quality in the areas near the railway and consequently, the decrease of vegetation production in the area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : Protected Area
  • Railway
  • Vegetation
  • Soil
  • Kalmand-Bahadoran
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