بررسی سنجه‌های انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای در تولید سویا، استان گلستان، ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی (ABRII)، کرج، ایران

3 شرکت ملی پخش فرآورده های نفتی ایران، منطقه گلستان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: نهاده­ هایی مانند کودهای شیمیایی، سوخت فسیلی، الکتریسیته، بذر و ماشین­ های کشاورزی در تولید سویا انرژی مصرف می­کنند. این مصرف انرژی سبب انتشار گازهای گلخانه ­ای خواهد شد که افزایش غلظت این گازها در جو می ­تواند منجر به گرم شدن کره زمین شود. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی سنجه های انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای در تولید محصول سویا در استان گلستان بود.
 
مواد و روش ­ها: در این مطالعه، 140 مزرعه برای تولید سویا در استان گلستان در شمال شرق ایران انتخاب شدند. داده ­ها شامل ماشین ­آلات، بذر، کود، سوخت و آفت­کش ­ها  می ­باشند که با استفاده از پرسشنامه جمع ­آوری شدند. سپس سوخت، انرژی ورودی و خروجی، سنجه­ های ارزیابی انرژی و پتانسیل گرم شدن کره زمین (kg CO2/ha) با استفاده از ضرایب مربوطه محاسبه شد.
 نتایج و بحث: براساس نتایج، نیازهای سوخت و انرژی مورد نیاز برای تولید سویا به ترتیب 0.09±210.83 لیتر در هکتار و 2.53±19036.08 مگاژول در هکتار بود. همچنین انتشار گازهای گلخانه ­ای به میزان 3.17±2306.85 معادل کیلوگرم دی ­اکسیدکربن در هکتار محاسبه شد. مصرف سوخت فسیلی و الکتریسیته، بیشترین میزان مصرف انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه ­ای را در پی داشت. به­ طوری که 62 درصد کل مصرف انرژی و 75 درصد کل انتشار گازهای گلخانه ­ای به مصرف الکتریسیته و سوخت فسیلی مرتبط بود. میزان انرژی خروجی سویا 0.73±42124.95 مگاژول در هکتار بود. نسبت انرژی ورودی به خروجی 0.01.±2.21 برآورد شد. افزایش تولید خالص با افزایش عملکرد دانه و کاهش مصرف نهاده­ ها مانند الکتریسیته، سوخت فسیلی و کود نیتروژن افزایش یافت. بهره ­وری انرژی 0.01±0.147 کیلوگرم بر مگاژول محاسبه شد. به­ طور متوسط از هر هکتار دانه سویای تولید شده، 3.17±2306.85کیلوگرم معادل دی اکسیدکربن منتشر شد.
 نتیجه­ گیری: تمرکز بر مصرف بهینه سوخت ­های فسیلی و کاهش مصرف الکتریسیته در آبیاری برای کاهش مصرف انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه ­ای در تولید سویا در استان گلستان ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation the energy indices and greenhouse gases emission in soybean production, Golestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasibe Rezvantalab 1
  • Afshin Soltani 1
  • Ebrahim Zeinali 1
  • Salman Dastan 2
  • Alireza Foroughnia 3
1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran
3 National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company, Golestan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction:
Inputs such as chemical fertilizers, fossil fuels, electricity, seed, and machinery consume energy in soybean production. This energy consumption is expected to cause Greenhouse Gases Emissions (GHG). Increasing the concentration of these gases in the atmosphere could lead to Global Warming. The purpose of this study was to investigate the energy consumption and GHG in soybean production in Golestan Province, Iran.
 Material and methods:
In this study, 140 farmers were selected to investigate the soybean production systems in Golestan Province in northeastern Iran. The data of consumed energy (machines, seeds, fertilizers, fuel, pesticides, human labor, and electricity) were collected by a questionnaire. Then fuel, input and output energy, energy indices, and global warming potential (kg eq-CO2/ha) were calculated by related coefficients.
 Results and discussion:
Based on results, fuel and energy requirements for soybean production were estimated 210.83±0.09 L/ha and 19036.08±2.53 MJ/ha, respectively. Also, GHG emissions were calculated 2306.85±3.17 kg eq-CO2/ha. Fossil fuel and electricity consumption had the highest energy consumption and GHG emissions values, respectively, so that 62% of the total energy consumption and 75% of the total GHG emission belonged to electricity and fossil fuel consumption, respectively. Energy output derived from soybean was 42124.95±0.73 MJ/ha. The output-input ratio was estimated 2.21±0.01. Net energy gain was raised by increasing the seed yield and decreasing the input consumption such as electricity, fossil fuel, and N-fertilizer. Energy productivity was calculated 0.147±0.01 Kg/MJ. On average, 2306.85±3.17 kg eq-CO2/ha greenhouse gases were released into the atmosphere for soybean seed production.
 Conclusion:
Focusing on optimal consumption of fossil fuels and decreasing the electricity consumption in irrigation is essential for reducing the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions for soybean production in Golestan Province, Iran.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Energy use efficiency
  • Global warming potential
  • Greenhouse gas emission
  • Input energy
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