نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
چکیده
سابقه و هدف:
افزایش تقاضای آب و گسترش آلودگی منبع های آب در اثر افزایش فعالیتهای کشاورزی، شهری و صنعتی موجب ایجاد مشکل های محیط زیستی در بسیاری از منطقه های جهان شده است. افزایش قابل توجه بار آلودگی و گوناگونی آلایندههای مختلف شهری، کشاورزی و صنعتی نیاز به مدیریت تلفیقی کمی و کیفی سیستمهای منبع های آب را بیش از پیش ضروری ساخته است. پیشبینیهای دقیق کوتاه مدت و بلندمدت پارامترهای کیفی رودخانه بویژه برای طراحی سازههای هیدرولیکی، برنامهریزی آبیاری، بهرهبرداری بهینه از مخازن و برنامهریزی محیطی ضروری است. با توجه به ویژگیهای تصادفی بودن رخدادهای هیدرولوژیکی، پیشبینی وضعیت آینده آبهای سطحی همیشه با نبود قطعیتهایی همراه است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی عملکرد دو نوع شبکه عصبی مصنوعی MLP و GMDH بصورت تکی و همراه با تبدیل موجک گسسته (DWT1) برای پیشبینی دو پارامتر کیفی مهم هدایت الکتریکی (EC) و نسبت جذب سدیم (SAR) در ایستگاه هیدرومتری زمانخان رودخانه زایندهرود در 1، 2 و 3 ماه آینده است.
مواد و روشها:
در پژوهش حاضر، دادههای کیفیت آب رودخانه زایندهرود در ایستگاه زمانخان در طول سالهای 1363 الی ۱۳۸۴ مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. از مجموع 22 سال داده، 15 سال ( کمابیش 70 درصد) برای آموزش و 7 سال ( 30 درصد) برای آزمون مدلهای توسعه داده شده مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. دو نوع موجک مادر dmey و db4 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند همچنین پارامترهای آماری نظیر RMSE و R2 برای بررسی عملکرد مدلها مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند.
نتایج و بحث:
نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از تبدیل موجک گسسته موجب بهبود عملکرد مدلها شده است. ترکیبهای مختلفی از دادههای ورودی (تأخیرهای مختلف) و دو نوع موجکهای مادر مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که مدلهای ترکیبی موجک-MLP و موجک- GMDH در هر دو پارامتر کیفی EC و SAR در بازههای مورد پیشبینی نسبت به مدلهای تکی MLP و GMDH دارای توانایی و دقت بالاتری در پیشبینی میباشند. نتایج مدلهای بدون تبدیل موجک تنها در پیشبینی SAR یک ماه بعد عملکرد خوبی داشتند و قادر به پیش بینیهای دو و سه ماه بعد نبودند. در پارامتر EC، مدلهای MLP و GMDH دارای عملکرد بهتری بودند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از تأخیرهای زمانی سالانه موجب افزایش دقت نمیشود و در برخی موارد حتی سبب کاهش دقت نیز میگردد. بررسی انواع موجکهای مادر نیز نشان داد که موجک dmey مناسبترین نوع موجک برای پیشبینی پارامترهای کیفی EC و SAR میباشد. مقایسه دو مدل موجک-MLP و موجک- GMDH نشان دهنده برتری نسبی مدل موجک-MLP بود. با افزایش بازه پیشبینی از 1 ماه تا 3 ماه آینده دقت مدلها کاهش پیدا کرد. این کاهش دقت در پیشبینی پارمتر SAR بیشتر بود، بطوریکه R2 در پیشبینی 1 ماه بعد SAR برابر 936/0 و در پیش بینی 3 ماه بعد به 516/0 کاهش یافت. در پارامتر EC نیز R2 در پیشبینی 1 ماه بعد تا 3 ماه بعد از 981/0 به 641/0 کاهش یافت.
نتیجهگیری: نتایج تحقیق حاضر میتواند بعنوان مبنایی برای برنامهریزیهای آینده در مورد کیفیت آب مصرفی باشد. پیشنهاد میشود مدل بیان شده در پژوهش حاضر در دیگر رودخانههای کشور نیز مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. همچنین ترکیب دیگر مدلهای هوشمند نظیر ANFIS و SVM با تبدیل موجک نیز می توانند مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار گیرند.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Comparison of wavelet-MLP and wavelet-GMDH models in forecasting EC and SAR at Zayandeh-Rood River
نویسندگان [English]
- Masoud Karbasi
- Saedeh Dindar
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction:
Increasing water demand and water pollution due to the development of agricultural, urban and industrial activities have caused environmental problems all over the world. The significant increase in water pollution and the diversity of various urban, agricultural and industrial pollutants made the qualitative management of water resources inevitable. Short-term and long-term accurate forecasts of river quality parameters are essential for designing hydraulic structures, irrigation planning, optimal utilization of reservoirs and environmental planning. Given the stochastic characteristics of the hydrological events, forecasting the future status of surface waters is always associated with uncertainties. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the performance of two types of artificial neural networks, namely MLP and GMDH, combined with discrete wavelet transform (DWT), to forecast two important quality parameters, electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) at Zayandeh-Rood River in 1, 2 and 3 months ahead.
Material and methods:
In this study, water quality data (EC and SAR) of Zayandeh-Rood River at Zaman Khan Station was used from 1363 to 1384. From 21 years of data, 15 years (approximately 70%) were used for training and 7 years (30%) were used to test the developed models. Two types of mother wavelet dmey and db4 were evaluated. Statistical parameters such as RMSE and R2 were used to evaluate the performance of the models.
Results and discussion:
The results showed that the use of discrete wavelet transform improves the performance of the models. Various combinations of input data (various delays) and two types of mother wavelets were evaluated. The results showed that wavelet-MLP and wavelet-GMDH hybrid models outperform single MLP and single GMDH models at all forecasting intervals. The results of the single MLP and GMDH models were only effective in forecasting SAR one month ahead but practically could not forecast two and three months later. In the EC parameter, the MLP and GMDH models performed better. Also, the results showed that the use of annual time lags does not increase the accuracy and in some cases even reduces it. The study of the types of mother wavelets also showed that the dmey wavelet is the most suitable wavelet type to forecast EC and SAR qualitative parameters. The comparison between wavelet-MLP and wavelet-GMDH models showed the relative superiority of the former model. By increasing the forecast period from one month to three months ahead, the accuracy of the models decreased. This decrease in precision was higher in forecasting SAR parameter, e.g. in the one month forecast, R2 was 0.936 and in the 3 months ahead forecasts it was reduced to 0.516. In the EC parameter, the R2 fell to 0.641 in 3 months ahead forecasting.Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as a basis for future planning for water quality. It is suggested that the model presented in this study should be considered in other rivers. Also, the combination of other artificial intelligent models such as ANFIS and SVM with wavelet transform can be evaluated.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Water quality parameters
- Forecasting
- Wavelet
- Neural network
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