نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشکده علوم و فناوریهای زیستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 مرکز تحقیقات پروتئین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
3 گروه بیوشیمی، پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
4 گروه فیتوشیمی، پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه داروی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction: Plant diseases are responsible for at least 10% of global crop losses, costing the agricultural sector Billions of dollars in economic losses each year. This issue is all the more important when we consider that the world’s population is rapidly increasing and the need to provide sufficient, safe and sustainable food is felt more than ever. Plant pathogens, including fungi, bacteria and viruses, can severely reduce the quality and quantity of crops and pose a serious threat to food security. On the other hand, given climate change and increasing temperatures and humidity in many regions, the conditions for the spread and severity of these diseases have become more favorable. In response to these challenges, farmers have relied mainly on the use of pesticides and chemical compounds in recent decades, which, although effective in the short term, have been severely questioned due to the development of resistance in pathogens, the persistence of chemical residues in the environment and the threat to human and other living organisms. Therefore, attention to new and environmentally friendly methods for disease control has become an inevitable necessity. One important and promising solution is the use of biological control agents such as beneficial microorganisms, antagonistic fungi, and beneficial bacteria, which can help reduce and eliminate pathogens through competition, production of antimicrobial substances, and stimulation of the plant defense system.
Material and methods: In order to investigate the effect of volatile compounds and Bacillus subtilis on the Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum fungus, cross-peer test was used. In the present study, Bacillus subtilis beneficial bacteria volatile compounds were identified using mass spectrometric-mass spectrometry analysis.
Results and discussion: The compounds of Decane, Undecane, Tridecane and their derivatives, Octadecane, Eicosane and Hexadecane are the most important compounds produced by this bacterium. After detecting bacterial Volatile compounds B. subtilis. To investigate the inhibitory nature of the volatile compounds from Mycelium growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, cross cross-peer tests were used. This pathogen is one of the most common pathogenic agents in the greenhouse and field plants, which has remained in soil for a long time and causes contamination. The fungus S. sclerotiorum was exposed to B. subtilis bacterial volatile compounds. Studies show that B. subtilis antagonist was able to prevent 95.93% of the growth of fungi and has the ability to control biological activity.
Conclusion: This bacterium can be used as a non-chemical and effective method against sclerotia caries in different hosts in a long-term future and can be used widely in commercial scale. Also, due to the fact that bacterial volatile compounds are also responsible for inducing resistance and change of essential oils in plants, the simultaneous effect of volatile compounds B. antagonist B. subtilis on essential oil changes of Satureja rechingeri was investigated. The plant exhibits antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties of the blood through its essential components. During the interaction, the bacterial and plant volatile compounds are increased in the compounds effective in plant resistance, including β-Pinene, α-Pinene, β-Myrcene, α-Terpinene, p-Cymene, γ-terpinene, Carvacrol methyl ether, Trans-Caryophyllene, α- Thujone, Thymol, and Carvacrol have significantly changed their control status.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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