نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران
2 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران. پژوهشکده آب، انرژی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران
3 گروه زیستشناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction: Species composition and biodiversity of a community can be influenced by several factors such as geographical barriers, habitat heterogeneity due to altitude difference, access to food, vegetation structure, temperature, precipitation, and historical factors and create different spatial patterns of species distribution. Recognition the different species including bird diversity is an integral part of biodiversity conservation. Bird diversity servs as a powerful bio-indicator signal. They represent ecosystem health because they are sensitive to environmental change and status of biodiversity as a whole. In this study, the change in the composition of the community structure of small-sized sparrows along the elevation gradient during the two seasons of spring and autumn in the no-hunting area of Golestankooh, Khansar, located in the west of Isfahan province, has been investigated.
Material and Methods: Considering the east-west gradient of environmental changes, especially altitude and microclimate, three stations were selected in the east-west direction and sampled using a mist net. Sampling was done during two seasons, spring and autumn, with four repetitions in each season from each station. To avoid counting duplicate samples, all specimens were marked using colored silicone rings on the feet. The Ecological Methodology program was used to calculate a variety of species diversity indices such as Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Brillouin, Camargo, Smith and Wilson, modified nee and Jackknife estimation and similarity coefficients. Also, indices related to beta diversity were calculated using the PAST program.
Results and Discussion: A total of 23 species of small passerines were identified in the study area and it was found that the most diverse family and genus are the warbler’s family with 12 species and the Acrocephalus genus with 4 species. The House Sparrow, the Great Tit, the Common Chiffchaff, and the Clamorous Reed Warbler were identified as the dominant species of the area. Species richness and abundance were higher in spring and station B (intermediate) than in autumn and other stations. Simpson (1-D), Shannon-Wiener (′H) and Brillouin (H) heterogeneity indices in the spring, at stations C and B are higher than A, in autumn at station B maximum and at station C (no sample) minimum, and in the entire area between the two seasons, it was evaluated as the same and similar. Camargo uniformity (′E), modified reed (EQ) and Smith-Wilson (Evar) indices were maximum in spring and autumn at station C and B, respectively, and slightly higher in autumn than spring. Morisita's similarity index indicated the presence of a small number of common species in station B between the two seasons. The maximum similarity between the two habitats A and C and the minimum similarity between the two habitats A and B were obtained in the spring, as well as the very small similarity of the two stations A and B in the autumn season. The highest Jaccard and Sorensen similarity coefficients between two seasons were recorded at station B, which indicated the stability of the community structure of small passerines in this habitat. Finally, beta diversity index was calculated higher in autumn than in spring.
Conclusion: The no-hunting area of Golestankooh has a significant species diversity of small passerines, which shows significant changes in community structure both in different seasons and different habitats. The most complex and at the same time the most stable social structure was identified in both seasons in the middle altitudes (in the central part of the region). Therefore, the protection of the micro-habitats of this area, especially the intermediate areas throughout the year (and the high areas in the hot season), can have a tremendous effect on maintaining the diversity of small passerines.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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