نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
EXTENDED ABSTRACT
Introduction: Food production is the main challenge of developing countries, including Iran, in order to meet the demand of the growing world population and reduce environmental pollution and harmful effects in agricultural production. Therefore, the most important task of the agricultural sector is to produce and provide food security for the growing people of the world, based on the sustainable production of products by increasing the efficiency of using natural resources and minimizing the pressure on the environment. In this regard, the increase in onion production is also done by using different inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides, which affects the efficiency of farms. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental efficiency and economic losses of onion production in Tabriz plain. In addition, knowing the factors that improve the level of efficiency will be effective in order to make the production process economical and help preserve natural resources and the environment.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, the likelihood ratio statistic was used to selection of appropriate functional form to estimate the efficiency. The translog stochastic frontier Productin function was used to identify the effective inputs on onion production. Tobit regression model was also used to identify the influencing factors of environmental efficiency. In addition, according to the obtained environmental efficiency, the economic losses of detrimental inputs consumption such as poisons and chemical fertilizers was calculated. The required data to calculate the efficiency was collected from 140 onion farmers of Tabriz plain in the crop year of 2022-2023 by completing a questionnaire.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the translog functional form is suitable for calculating the efficiency. According to the results, the factors of seed, labor and animal manure as normal inputs and pesticides and fertilizer as detrimental inputs have a significant effect on onion production. The average environmental efficiency of onion farms in the studied area was 51%, which means that the environmental efficiency decreases with the increase in the consumption of detrimental inputs, fertilizers and pesticides. Also, 60% of farms have less than 40% environmental efficiency,therefore, the importance of improving the efficiency and improving the productivity of production factors became more evident. Based on this, the average amount of economic losses of onion production per hectare was estimated as 17.5 million rials per hectare. The results of tobit model estimation showed that age, cultivation, number of agricultural plots and membership in a cooperative were among the factors affecting efficiency.
Conclusion: According to the results of the efficiency values, there is possible to increase the production and also reduce the consumption of detrimental inputs in the region. Therefore, it is recommended to promote alternative methods of chemical warfare in order to reduce the consumption of chemical inputs and economize the product production process as much as possible. Also, since the level of efficiency increases with the increase of cultivation, the necessity of producing the product on a larger and more integrated scale shows itself more. In principle, production in a larger size provides the possibility of benefiting from the benefits of scale and economic efficiency. In addition, more communication with older and more experienced farmers, crop cultivation in limited but larger plots, as well as the principled and optimal use of production facilities will naturally reduce the cost and ultimately lead to increased efficiency and healthy crop production.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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