پایش و ارزیابی اثرات ذرات گرد و غبار واحدهای فرآیندی بر سلامت شاغلین صنعت سیمان کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آموزشی فراوری و محیط زیست معدنی، دانشکدگان فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشکده محیط زیست، سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، تهران، ایران

3 پژوهشکده محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار، سازمان محیط زیست، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: از آنجا یکی از پایه‌های صنعت کشور کارخانجات تولید سیمان است و با توجه به اینکه از چالش‌های مهم در این صنعت اثرات مواجهه با گردو غبار بر سیستم تنفسی می‌باشد. با توجه به اهمیت سلامت نیروی کار در توسعه پایدار، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تاثیرات تماس با گردوغبار سیمان و سیلیس بر سیستم تنفسی افراد مشغول در کارخانه سیمان کرمانشاه طراحی و اجرا گردید.
مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه به‌صورت کوهرت گذشته‌نگر انجام گرفت و میزان شاخص ریوی 138 نفر از کارکنان در سه گروه مواجهه یافته با سیلیس و سیمان و گروه کنترل (مواجهه نیافته) هدف پایش قرار گرفت. همچنین میزان گرد و غبار سیمان و سیلیس در واحدها به صورت قرائت مستقیم ارزیابی گردید. پس از معاینه بالینی و تکمیل پرسشنامه، داده‌ها به کمک نرم‌افزار spss ویرایش 22 تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد در مورد پارامترهای وزن، BMI، جنسیت، میزان سالهای مواجهه و سابقه مصرف سیگار بین گروه مواجهه با سیلیس و سیمان با گروه کنترل اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. همچنین نتایج آنالیز آماری نشان داد درمورد شاخص‌های FVC%، FEV1% و PEF% بین گروه‌های مواجهه یافته با سیلیس و سیمان با گروه کنترل تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری مشاهده شد (01/0> P). درمورد شاخص FEV1/FVC% تفاوت معنی‌دار آماری بین سه گروه نشان داده نشد(409/0= P). مقایسه شاخص‌های ریوی گروه مواجهه یافته با سیلیس و سیمان و گروه کنترل نشان داد که تمامی شاخص‌های ریوی در گروه مواجهه یافته با سیلیس و سیمان نسبت به گروه کنترل افت داشته است. بین میزان غلظت سیلیس و سیمان و سابقه مواجهه با سیلیس و سیمان با شاخص‌های ریوی ارتباط معنی‌داری یافت نشد. بنابراین کارکنان در قسمت تولید سیمان که در معرض مواجهه با گردوغبار سیمان می‌باشند در معرض خطر پیشروی علائم ریوی و افت شاخص‌های اسپیرومتری هستند.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج این مطالعه با بررسی ارتباط بین شاخص‌های ریوی و سابقه مواجهه، غلظت و عوامل فردی صحت این مطلب را آشکار می‌سازد که با توجه به مهم بودن فرایند تولید سیمان و حجم بالای گرد و خاکی که از آن انتشار می‌یاید مطالعات در راستای بررسی اثرات سلامت گرد و خاک بر روی نیروی کار امری حیاتی است و ارائه راهکارهایی که در عین اقتصادی بودن، قابلیت اجرا در زمان کم را داشته و با توجه به نیازها و ویژگی‌های منطقه باشد، باید در دستور کار قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation and Monitoring of the Impact of Process Unit Dust Particles on the Health of Employees in the Kermanshah Cement Industry

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Sarkheil 1
  • Ali Shahbazi 2
  • Mohammad Talaeian 2
  • Yousef Azimi 3
  • Armita Partovi 1
1 Faculty Member/College of Engineering, University of Tehran
2 College of Environment, Department od Environment, Tehran
3 Research Group of Environmental Engineering and Pollution Monitoring, Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development, (RCESD), Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Therefore, one of the foundations of the country's industry is the cement factories, and considering that one of the important challenges in this industry is the effects of exposure to dust on the respiratory system. Considering the importance of workforce health in sustainable development, this research was designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the effects of contact with cement and silica dust on the respiratory system of people working in Kermanshah cement factory.
Material and methods: This study was performed as a retrospective cohort, and the lung index of 138 employees in three groups exposed to silica and cement and the control group (not exposed) was monitored. Also, the amount of cement and silica dust in the units was evaluated by direct reading. After clinical examination and completion of the questionnaire, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.
Results and discussion: The results showed no significant difference between the exposure group with silica and cement with the control group regarding the parameters of weight, BMI, gender, years of exposure, and smoking history. The statistical analysis results showed a statistically significant difference between the groups exposed to silica and cement with the control group regarding FVC%, FEV1%, and PEF% indices (P <0.01). Regarding FEV1 / FVC% index, no statistically significant difference was shown between the three groups (P = 0.409). Comparison of pulmonary indices in the group exposed to silica and cement and the control group showed that all pulmonary indices in the group exposed to silica and cement decreased compared to the control group. No significant relationship was found between silica and cement concentration and the history of exposure to silica and cement with pulmonary indices. Therefore, workers in the cement sector exposed to cement dust are at risk of developing pulmonary symptoms and decreased spirometry parameters.
Conclusion: The results of this study, by investigating the relationship between pulmonary indices and the history of exposure, concentration and individual factors, reveal the truth of this matter, that due to the importance of the cement production process and the high volume of dust that is emitted from it, studies aimed at investigating the health effects of dust And the soil on the labor force is a vital matter, and providing solutions that, while being economical, have the ability to be implemented in a short time and are according to the needs and characteristics of the region, should be on the agenda.
Results and discussion: The results showed no significant difference between the exposure group with silica and cement with the control group regarding the parameters of weight, BMI, gender, years of exposure, and smoking history. The statistical analysis results showed a statistically significant difference between the groups exposed to silica and cement with the control group regarding FVC%, FEV1%, and PEF% indices (P <0.01). Regarding FEV1 / FVC% index, no statistically significant difference was shown between the three groups (P = 0.409). Comparison of pulmonary indices in the group exposed to silica and cement and the control group showed that all pulmonary indices in the group exposed to silica and cement decreased compared to the control group. No significant relationship was found between silica and cement concentration and the history of exposure to silica and cement with pulmonary indices. Therefore, workers in the cement sector exposed to cement dust are at risk of developing pulmonary symptoms and decreased spirometry parameters.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Spirometry
  • Cement dust
  • Respiratory symptoms

مراجع

Abdul-Wahab, S. A. (2006). Impact of fugitive dust emissions from cement plants on nearby communities. Ecological Modelling, 195(3-4), 338–348.
Aminian, O., Aslani, M., & Sadegh Nit Haghighi, K. (2012). Pulmonary effects of chronic exposure to cement dust in cement industry workers. Occupational Medicine Quarterly, 4(1), 17–24. (in Persian)
Anthonisen, N. R., Connett, J. E., Kiely, J. P., Altose, M. D., Bailey, W. C., Buist, A. S., et al. (1994). Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1: The Lung Health Study. JAMA, 272(18), 1497–1505. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama. 1994.03520190043033
Arslan, H., Baltaci, H., Sahin, U. A., & Onat, B. (2022). The relationship between air pollutants and respiratory diseases for the western Turkey. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 13(2), 101322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2022.101322
Azimi, M., Mansouri, Y., Rezai Hachasu, V., Aminaei, F., MihanPour, H., & Zare Sakhvidi, M. J. (2018). Assessment of respiratory exposure of workers with airborne particles in a ceramic tile industry: A case study. TKJ, 10(1), 45–53. (in Persian)
Baig, N. N., & Aleem, S. A. (2016). Occupational hazards among dental surgeons in Karachi. *Journal
of the College of Physicians and Surgeons-Pakistan: JCPSP, 26*(4), 320–322.
Bellamy, D. (2005). Spirometry in practice (2nd ed.). BTS.
Chehargani, H. (2012). Reducing dust environmental pollution in the cement industry. (in Persian)
de Kok, T. M., Driece, H. A., Hogervorst, J. G., & Briedé, J. J. (2006). Toxicological assessment of ambient and traffic-related particulate matter: A review of recent studies. *Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 613*(2-3), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2006. 07.001
Fell, A. K., Thomassen, T. R., Kristensen, P., Egeland, T., & Kongerud, J. (2003). Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function in workers exposed to Portland cement dust. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 45(9), 1008–1014. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom. 0000083031.56116.79
Giyahi, O., Darvishi, E., Sarabi, M., & Shaheswari, S. (2014). Investigating the relationship between exposure to inhaled pollutants and pulmonary function capacities of workers in a steel industry. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 19, 135–145. (in Persian)
Golbabai, F., Faqihi Zarandi, A., Ibrahim Nejad, P.,
Banshi, M. R., Mohseni Teklo, H., Shokri, A. R., & Panahi, D. (2013). Evaluation of occupational exposure of workers of a cement factory to inhalable cement dust and crystalline silica. Occupational Health and Safety Quarterly, 2(1). (in Persian)
Hankinson, J. L. (2010). Performance of American Thoracic Society-recommended spirometry reference values in a multiethnic sample of adults: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) lung study. Chest, 137(1), 138–145. https://doi.org/ 10.1378/chest.09-0919
Hazrati, S., et al. (2009). Investigation of dust concentration in the working environment in Ardabil cement factory. Scientific Research Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, 9(4), 292–298. (in Persian)
Kakui, H., Gholami, A., Qasim Khani, M., & Hosseini, M. (2012). Occupational exposure of workers to cement dust and its effects on respiratory system performance in a cement factory. Quarterly Journal of University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Gonabad, 18(1), 60–66. (in Persian)
Li, G., et al. (2023). A review of dust control/removal methods in metal mines in China. Powder Technology, 430, 119035. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.119035
Muhanga, M. (2024). Occupational health: Introduction. In Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-99967-0.00314-8
Neghab, M., & Choobineh, A. (2007). Work-related respiratory symptoms and ventilatory disorders among employees of a cement industry in Shiraz, Iran. Journal of Occupational Health, 49(4), 273–278. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.49.273
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2004). Preventing lung disease in workers who use or make flavorings (DHHS Publication No. 2004-110). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Niqab, M., & Habibi Mahrez, M. (2011). Respiratory disorders in inhalation exposure to amorphous carbon. Iran Occupational Health Quarterly, 3, 72–82. (in Persian)
Odonkor, S. T., & Sallar, A. M. (2024). Occupational health and safety knowledge, attitudes and practices among healthcare workers in Accra, Ghana. Scientific African, 24, e02130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02130
Owonikoko, M. W., et al. (2021). Standardized experimental model for cement dust exposure; tissue
heavy metal bioaccumulation and pulmonary pathological changes in rats. Toxicology Reports, 8, 1169–1178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2021. 06.004
Paluchamy, B., & Mishra, D. P. (2021). Airborne respirable dust in fully mechanized underground metalliferous mines – Generation, health impacts, and control measures for cleaner production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 296, 126524. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126524
Park, D.-U., Zoh, K. E., Jeong, E. K., Koh, D.-H., Lee, K.-H., Lee, N., & Ha, K. (2024). Assessment of occupational health risks for maintenance work in fabrication facilities: Brief review and recommendations. Safety and Health at Work, 15(1), 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2023.11.010
Paudel, L., et al. (2022). Work-related respiratory symptoms and associated factors among cement factory workers in Rupandehi district, Nepal. Safety and Health at Work, 13(Supplement), S249.
Saif Aghaei, F. (2000). Evaluation of respiratory function in workers exposed to Portland cement dust, Jajrud city. Journal of Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Sabzevar Health, 7(1). (in Persian)
Salem, M., Rashidi Jahan, H., & Tavakoli, R. (2014). Study of work-related diseases among staff of a hospital in Tehran. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, 6(1), 71–79.
Sarkheil, H., Tahery B., Rayegani B., Ramezani J., Goshtasb H., & Jahani A. (2020). Evaluating the current status of the national health, safety and environment management system for integration, harmonization, and standardization of environmental protection. Health Risk Analysis, 1, 18–24. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.1.02.eng
Sarkheil, H., Talaeian, M., Abbaszadeh Gorani, A., & Sadeghy Nejad, A. (2024). Hazard Identification and Process Risk Assessment at the Building Stone Processing Company through Combination of EFMEA & William Fine Methods. *International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering, 58*(2), 229–241. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijmge.2024. 373443.595157
World Health Organization (WHO). (2016). World health statistics 2016: Monitoring health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals.
فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 23، شماره 3
مهر 1404
صفحه 563-582

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار