تحلیل عوامل درونی مؤثر بر توسعه کشت در محیط های کنتر ل شد ه: مورد مطالعه گلخانه های استان تهران و البر ز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 گروه مهندسی آب و مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: امروز نظام کشت در محیط‌های کنترل‌شده بعنوان روشی پیشرفته و راهی مطمئن برای رونق کشاورزی بخصوص در مناطق کم آب محسوب می‌شود. در واقع این شیوه‌ی کشت، بطور فزاینده‌ای گسترش یافته و جایگاه مهمی در تامین امنیت غذایی کشورها و اشتغال و معرفی فناوری های نوظهور به بخش کشاورزی دارد. با توجه به گسترش روز افزون این رویکرد تولیدی برای پرورش محصولات اساسی و لزوم هدفمند کردن تحقیق و توسعه و آموزش کاربردی پشتیبان توسعه آن، این مطالعه باهدف بررسی مؤلفه‌های محیط درونی تاثیر گذار بر توسعه این نظام به اجرا درآمد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش به روش کمی، میدانی و با روش مصاحبه مبتنی بر ابزار پرسشنامه صورت گرفت. جامعه آماری آن شامل گلخانه داران سبزی و صیفی‌کار در دو استان تهران و البرز بودند در 2060 واحد گلخانه ای بودند. نمونه‌گیری به‌صورت دومرحله‌ای انجام شد. حجم نمونه نیز بر اساس فرمول دانیل و با در نظر گرفتن خطای پنج درصد تعداد 310 واحد تعیین شد. در نهایت تعداد 270 پرسشنامه در استان تهران و 50 پرسشنامه در استان البرز تکمیل شد. پس از جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، پردازش و تحلیل با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS25 و SmartPLS3 انجام شد.
نتایج و بحث: یافته‌های بدست‌آمده از بخش استنباطی تحقیق نشان داد یافته­ ها نشان داد در بعد مولفه سرمایه انسانی، ویژگی‌ها و نیازهای انسانی برای توسعه نظام کشت در محیط کنترل‌شده شامل شاخص ­های دانش، مهارت، نگرش مثبت، داشتن امکانات مالی و فنی، شناخت بازار، و انگیزه‌های بالا مهم هستند. دسترسی به روش‌های مدیریتی نوین، مشاوران علمی و تخصصی و تبادل علمی با متخصصین بین‌المللی از مؤثرترین عوامل در این بخش هستند. بر اساس یافته­ ها سرمایه فنی تولیدکننده دومین مؤلفه تأثیرگذار در توسعه گلخانه‌هاست. در سطح کشور، واحدهای تولیدی از نظر فناوری در سطح ضعیف تا متوسطی قرار دارند. دسترسی به سیستم‌های نرم‌افزاری مالی نوین و فناوری‌های هوشمند مدیریتی برای این واحد ها حیاتی است. آموزش‌های ترویجی در حمایت از فناوری‌های پیشرفته ضروری است تا بهره‌وری و مدیریت این واحد­ها بهبود یابد. بر اساس نتایج سومین مؤلفه تأثیرگذار، سرمای مالی است. مشکلات مالی و نیاز به سرمایه برای کشت در محیط کنترل‌شده بیشتر از کشت متعارف است، بویژه برای کشاورزان کوچک مقیاس. دسترسی به اعتبارات بانکی، نهاده‌های ارزان، حمایت‌های بیمه‌ای و منابع مالی برای توسعه و هزینه‌های جاری حیاتی است. بنابراین بهبود دانش تولیدکنندگان درباره اقتصاد کشاورزی و بازارها و حمایت از صنوف کشاورزی برای دسترسی به فناوری‌های مناسب توصیه می‌شود تا پایداری اقتصادی و زیست‌محیطی افزایش یابد. طبق یافته ­ها آخرین مؤلفه تأثیرگذار درونی، سرمایه اجتماعی تولیدکننده است. ارتباط با ناظر فنی و کارشناسان مشاور جهاد کشاورزی بالاترین اهمیت را دارد، در حالی که حمایت کشاورزان پیشرو از تازه‌واردان این بخش اهمیت کمتری را نشان داد. باید توجه کرد این نظام جدید است و ارتباطات کلیدی آن هنوز بطور کامل شکل نگرفته‌است. بنابراین توسعه سرمایه اجتماعی برای حفظ پایداری این شیوه کشاورزی حیاتی است.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به جدید بودن نظام کشت در محیط کنترل‌شده و ماهیت نوآورانه آن، قطعاً ویژگی‌های خاصی برای تولیدکنندگان و بهره‌برداران درآن مطرح است تا توسعه و انتقال این شیوه‌ی کشت به‌درستی صورت پذیرد. لذا ارتقاء دانش مدیریتی، دانش فنی و تخصصی، ارتقاء درک و اطلاعات تولیدکنندگان این نظام نسبت به ابعاد و ویژگی‌های بازارهای محلی، ملی و بین‌المللی و نیز توسعه و بهبود روابط درون‌گروهی تولید کنندگان و ایجاد تشکل‌های صنفی این تولیدکنندگان جهت شکل‌گیری و توسعه سرمایه اجتماعی بعنوان الزامات اساسی برای توسعه آن پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Exploring Internal Factors Influencing the Development of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CSA): A Case of Greenhouses in Tehran and Alborz Provinces

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maede Hatefi 1
  • Hossein Shabanali Fami 1
  • Ali Asadi 1
  • Amir Alambeigi 2
  • Mahnaz Mohamadzadeh Nasirabadi 3
1 Department of Agricultural Management and Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Water Engineering and Agricultural Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: CSA is currently viewed as a sophisticated and dependable approach to advancing agriculture, particularly in regions with limited water resources. This method has experienced a growing adoption and plays a vital role in securing food supplies, boosting employment opportunities, and integrating new technologies into the agricultural domain. Given the expanding utilization of this cultivation method and the necessity for targeted research and hands-on training to facilitate its progress, this study was conducted to explore the internal environmental factors influencing the advancement of this system.
Material and Methods: This study employed a quantitative, field-based approach and conducted interviews through a questionnaire tool. The statistical population comprised vegetable and summer crop growers of greenhouses in Tehran and Alborz provinces, totaling 2060 greenhouse units. Sampling was carried out in two stages, with a sample size of 310 units calculated using Daniel’s formula and a five percent error margin. Subsequently, 270 questionnaires were filled out in Tehran Province and 50 in Alborz Province. Following data collection, processing, and analysis were performed using SPSS25 and SmartPLS3 software.
Results and Discussion: The findings from the inferential analysis indicated that in terms of human capital, essential human requirements for progressing the CSA system are significant. These include factors such as knowledge, skills, positive attitudes, access to financial and technical resources, market knowledge, and strong motivations. The study identified implementing new management techniques, consulting scientific experts, and exchanging knowledge with international professionals as critical factors. Technical capital emerged as the second most influential element in greenhouse development, with access to modern financial software systems and smart management technologies proving crucial. Additionally, training on advanced technologies is essential to enhance productivity and management. Financial capital emerged as the third influential component, with financial challenges and capital requirements for CSA being greater than traditional farming methods, particularly for small-scale farmers. Access to bank credit, affordable inputs, insurance assistance, and financial resources are essential for development and ongoing operational costs. advices include increasing producers' understanding of agricultural economics and markets and facilitating access to appropriate technologies to enhance economic and environmental sustainability. The study also emphasized the importance of productive social capital, highlighting the significance of communication with technical supervisors and agricultural consultants. While support from established farmers to newcomers in the sector was deemed less crucial, the development of social capital was emphasized as vital for the long-term sustainability of this innovative farming approach, as the key connections within this system are still in the process of being established.
Conclusion: Given the novelty of the CSA system, specific attributes must be adhered to by producers and users to enable the effective development and spread of this cultivation method. Enhancing managerial expertise, technical proficiency, and specialized knowledge, as well as increasing producers' awareness and understanding of the local, national, and international market dimensions and characteristics of this system, are essential steps. Additionally, fostering and enhancing intra-group relationships among producers and establishing trade unions for these producers to cultivate social capital is crucial for the advancement and dissemination of this innovative agricultural approach. Attention to these fundamental prerequisites is recommended to support the system’s development.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Social Capital
  • Financial Capital
  • Technical Capital
  • Human Capital
  • Greenhouse Owners

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 22، شماره 4
1403
صفحه 603-624

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