تأثیر کاربرد ترکیبات آلی بر میزان سرب، نیکل و کادمیوم لجن فاضلاب شهری )مطالعه موردی: لجن فاضلاب تصفیه خانه ساری(

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: لجن فاضلاب شهری بدلیل اینکه حاوی مقادیر قابل‌توجهی از عناصر ضروری برای رشد گیاه می­ باشد که  قابلیت استفاده بهینه ­ای در فرآیند کشاورزی دارد. اما وجود عناصر سنگین از محدودیت­ های اصلی استفاده مستقیم این ماده در زمین‌های کشاورزی می‌باشد. لذا هدف کلی این مطالعه، شامل بررسی نقش کاربرد اصلاح‌کننده آلی (کاه و کلش برنج و سرشاخه حاصل از هرس مرکبات) در لجن فاضلاب شهری و تبدیل آن‌ها به کمپوست و زغال زیستی در کاهش میزان عناصر سنگین بوده و همچنین هدف جزئی این مطالعه، بررسی مقایسه تاثیر کمپوست و زغال زیستی بر کاهش میزان عناصر سنگین بوده است.
مواد و روش­ ها: این مطالعه به‌صورت دو طرح مجزا در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی با نه تیمار و سه تکرار در سال 1401 انجام شد. طرح اول شامل تولید کمپوست با استفاده از ترکیب لجن فاضلاب شهری با کاه و کلش برنج و سرشاخه مرکبات با نسبت‌های مختلف (1:1، 1:3، 1:5 و 1:7) و همچنین طرح دوم شامل تولید زغال زیستی با استفاده از کمپوست لجن فاضلاب حاصل از طرح اول با کاه و کلش برنج و سرشاخه مرکبات با نسبت‌های مختلف (1:1، 1:3، 1:5 و 1:7) بود. سپس میزان سرب، نیکل و کادمیوم کل (روش هضم با اسید نیتریک و اسید پرکلریک) و قابل‌جذب (عصاره گیری با DTPA) در نمونه ­های زغال زیستی و کمپوست لجن فاضلاب اندازه ­گیری شد.
نتایج و بحث: براساس نتایج، تیمار کمپوست حاصل از ترکیب لجن فاضلاب+کاه و کلش برنج به نسبت (1:1) مقدار سرب و کادمیوم کل را به ترتیب به اندازه 12/37 و 29/69 درصد نسبت به شاهد (لجن فاضلاب) کاهش داد. این کاهش در مقدار سرب و کادمیوم در تیمار فوق الذکر به دلیل مقدار بالای کاه برنج نسبت به سایر تیمارهای کاه برنج و تجزیه­پذیری بیشتر کاه برنج نسبت به سرشاخه مرکبات است. میزان نیکل قابل‌جذب در تیمارهای کمپوست + کاه برنج (1:1)، کمپوست + سرشاخه مرکبات (1:1) و (1:3) به ترتیب به اندازه 12/46، 71/48 و 03/25 درصد نسبت به شاهد (لجن فاضلاب) کاهش یافت. همچنین میزان کادمیوم قابل‌جذب در تیمارهای کمپوست به همراه کاه برنج (1:1)، سرشاخه مرکبات (1:1) و (1:3) به ترتیب به اندازه 97/43، 18/33 و 44/47 درصد نسبت به شاهد (لجن فاضلاب) کاهش یافت. زغال زیستی بر میزان سرب و کادمیوم کل تاثیر معنی ­داری داشته، به ­طوری­که کمترین میزان سرب و کادمیوم کل در نمونه زغال زیستی + کاه برنج با نسبت 1:1 دیده شد و میزان سرب و کادمیوم کل در این تیمار به ترتیب به اندازه 99/46 و 26/25 درصد نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافت. تولید زغال زیستی از کمپوست لجن فاضلاب سبب افزایش میزان سرب و کادمیوم کل شده، اما هیچ‌کدام از روش­ ها سبب کاهش معنی­ داری بر نیکل کل در لجن فاضلاب نگردید. اما تبدیل کمپوست لجن فاضلاب به زغال زیستی سبب کاهش معنی­دار در مقدار سرب، نیکل و کادمیوم قابل‌جذب شد. کاه برنج و سرشاخه مرکبات در نمونه­ های زغال زیستی تأثیر معنی ­داری بر نیکل قابل‌جذب نداشت.
نتیجه ­گیری: تهیه کمپوست و زغال زیستی از لجن فاضلاب تأثیر معنی ­داری بر عناصر سنگین کل و قابل‌جذب موجود در لجن داشته است. بنابراین به‌منظور کاهش قابلیت دسترسی سرب، نیکل و کادمیوم، استفاده از روش زغال زیستی نسبت به کمپوست ارجح بوده و در اولویت قرار می ­گیرد. درصورتی‌که تولید زغال زیستی مقرون‌به‌صرفه نباشد می ­توان از ترکیبات گیاهی کاه برنج و سرشاخه مرکبات در تهیه کمپوست لجن فاضلاب استفاده کرد که تأثیر معنی­ داری بر غیر متحرک‌سازی عناصر سنگین قابل‌جذب داشته ­اند.  تیمار کمپوست لجن فاضلاب به همراه کاه و کلش برنج با نسبت (1:1) که کمترین میزان آلایندگی و پایین­ترین هزینه برای تولید را داشته، که بعنوان تیمار بهینه معرفی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Applying Organic Compounds on the Amount of Lead, Nickel and Cadmium in Urban Sewage Sludge (Case Study: Sewage Sludge in Sari Refinery)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ali Bahmanyar 1
  • Seyed Mostafa Emadi 1
  • Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlou 1
  • Mehdi Hosseini 2
1 Department of Soil Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
2 Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: urban sewage sludge contains significant amounts of essential elements for plant growth, which can be optimally used in the agricultural process. However, the presence of heavy elements is one of the main limitations of the direct use of this substance in agricultural lands. Therefore, the general purpose of this study is to investigate the role of using organic modifiers (rice straw and branches from citrus pruning) in urban sewage sludge and converting them into compost and biochar in reducing the amount of heavy elements, and also the partial purpose of this study is to compare the effect of compost and biochar on reducing the amount of heavy elements.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted in two separate designs in the form of a randomized complete block with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The first plan included the production of compost using the combination of urban sewage sludge with rice straw and citrus branches with different ratios (1:1, 3:1, 5:1, and 7:1) and the second plan included the production of biochar using compost obtained from the first design with rice straw and citrus branches with different ratios (1:1, 3:1, 5:1, and 7:1). Then, the amount of total lead, nickel and cadmium (digestion with nitric acid and perchloric acid) and available (extraction with DTPA) were measured in biochar and sewage sludge compost samples.
Results and Discussion: Based on the results, the treatment of compost obtained from the combination of sewage sludge + rice straw in the ratio (1:1) reduced the amount of lead and total cadmium by 37.12 and 69.29%, respectively, compared to the control (sewage sludge). This reduction in the amount of lead and cadmium in the mentioned treatment is due to the high amount of rice straw compared to other treatments of rice straw and the greater degradability of rice straw compared to the citrus branch. The amount of available nickel in the treatments of compost + rice straw (1:1), compost + citrus branch (1:1), and (1:3) decreased by 46.12, 48.71, and 25.03%, respectively, compared to the control (sewage sludge). Also, the amount of available cadmium in compost treatments with rice straw (1:1), citrus branch (1:1), and (1:3) decreased by 43.97%, 33.18%, and 47.44%, respectively, compared to the control. Biochar had a significant effect on the amount of total lead and cadmium, so that the lowest amount of total lead and cadmium was observed in biochar + rice straw with a ratio of 1:1 and the amount of total lead and cadmium in this treatment decreased by 46.99 and 25.26%, respectively, compared to the control. Production of biochar from sewage sludge compost increased the amount of total lead and cadmium. However, the conversion of sewage sludge compost into biochar caused a significant decrease in the amount of available lead, nickel, and cadmium. Rice straw and citrus branches in biochar had no significant effect on available nickel.
Conclusion: The production of compost and biochar from sewage sludge had a significant effect on the total and available heavy elements in the sludge. Therefore, in order to reduce the availability of lead, nickel, and cadmium, using the biochar method is preferable to compost and is prioritized. If the production of biochar is not cost-effective, the plant compounds of rice straw and citrus branches can be used in the production of sewage sludge compost, which has a significant effect on the immobilization of available heavy elements. Sewage sludge compost with rice straw by a ratio of 1:1, which has the lowest amount of pollution and the lowest cost for production, was recommended as the optimal treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • biochar
  • compost
  • sewage sludge
  • heavy elements

مراجع

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 22، شماره 4
1403
صفحه 585-602

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