علمی - پژوهشی
Esmail Fatehifar; Rasoul Ali Ashrafipour; Mohammad Rastgari
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 1-8
Abstract
Tehran is the high pollution city and it’s negative point to human health. Volatile organic compounds especially BTEX are main air pollutants that play critical role in atmospheric chemistry of Tehran. Benzene is one of them that cause blood cancer and related diseases. For controlling volatile organic ...
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Tehran is the high pollution city and it’s negative point to human health. Volatile organic compounds especially BTEX are main air pollutants that play critical role in atmospheric chemistry of Tehran. Benzene is one of them that cause blood cancer and related diseases. For controlling volatile organic compounds, they should be monitored. To measure the amount of pollutants of VOC in the air of Tehran with portable instrument, 32 stations were selected, including residential areas, Traffically, industrial and controled area. The measurements in two stages (June and September 1391 and March 1391) were performed VOC average concentrations at first and second stage were 3.14 ppb and 3.67 ppb in urban area respectively. The results showed that pollutants emissions in high volume occur from refineries and oil storage. Location analysis of volatile organic compounds performed with Arcview software in the stations. According to location analysis of VOCs with ArcView, emission of VOCs occurred from refineries in huge amount. Points with high concentration of VOCs, showed
علمی - پژوهشی
Mahdi Rajabi; Milad Biranvand
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 9-16
Abstract
Dust storms often occur in arid and semiarid regions of the world and carry a huge quantity of materials; hence, they are recognized as one of the most important environmental issues on regional and international scales. This study aimed to evaluate the heavy metal content of dust-fall particles in the ...
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Dust storms often occur in arid and semiarid regions of the world and carry a huge quantity of materials; hence, they are recognized as one of the most important environmental issues on regional and international scales. This study aimed to evaluate the heavy metal content of dust-fall particles in the cities of Sanandaj, Khorramabad and Andimeshk in western Iran. Sampling the dust-fall particles was conducted every 10 days from 20 June 2012 over one year simultaneously in these three stations using the Deposit Gauge Method and the concentration of metals was measured using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Fe and Mn and Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Zn, Cu, As, Ag, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni . Pollution levels for the heavy metals were then evaluated using the Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo) and Index Enrichment Factor (EF). The results obtained for the Igeo index and EF index demonstrated that levels of Ag and Cu pollution among the dust-fall particles from the three stations were higher than for other heavy metals, while concentrations of other heavy metals were not evaluated as contaminant. Although the mean of dust-fall particles on area unit in Sanandaj station was less than Khorramabad and Andimeshk, heavy metal concentrations among the sampled dust-fall particles was relatively higher. The highest amount of dust falling on a unit area was obtained from Andimesh station, more than at the Khorramabad station and, lastly, the Sanandaj station. Moreover, the maximum and minimum levels of dustfall descending on the three stations were obtained in May and January respectively.
علمی - پژوهشی
Mojtaba Rafieian; Ali Akbar Taghvaei
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 17-26
Abstract
The fundamental problem in cities and urban areas is declining quality of their inefficiency. Before industrialization and urban growth, urban planning principles were based on traditional values, and the identity of the residential texture of the city. As with the lack of balance between the economic, ...
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The fundamental problem in cities and urban areas is declining quality of their inefficiency. Before industrialization and urban growth, urban planning principles were based on traditional values, and the identity of the residential texture of the city. As with the lack of balance between the economic, social and environmental variables, cultural and sociao - structural break in the typical urban neighborhoods were created, which leads to inefficiency and reducing satisfaction in utilities for residents. This article aims to compare factors affecting the residential desirability in spontaneous growing town and new town and a comparative analysis on the residential desirability in these towns. The methodology is based on structural equation modeling and combination of the two approaches, factor analysis and path analysis. The results of T-test show a significant difference in two city's residential desirability and superiority of Hashtgerd in this case. Standardized coefficients analytical model shows the most desirable residential influence of social factors in comparison with the physical component in these towns. The importance of the physical components in a new town with 60% the relation is more than the old town with the 50% associated. The history of settlement in the city had a direct correlation to the amount of residential satisfaction
علمی - پژوهشی
Mehdi Hosseinifard; Hadi Ghorbani; Mustafa Aghazadeh; Mojtaba Hosseinifard
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 27-36
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to synthesis Manganese dioxide nanoparticles and determining its efficiency in the removal of lead from aqueous solutions. Consequently, Manganese dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized cathode electrochemical deposition method and the effect of pH, contact time, ...
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The objectives of this research were to synthesis Manganese dioxide nanoparticles and determining its efficiency in the removal of lead from aqueous solutions. Consequently, Manganese dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized cathode electrochemical deposition method and the effect of pH, contact time, Lead concentration and nanoparticles amount on Lead removal efficiency were investigated in batch system. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), XRD and FTIR were used to characterization of the synthesized Manganese dioxide nanoparticles. SEM results showed that the diameter of the particles is 30-50 nm. Results also showed that the optimum pH value for adsorption was 6.The adsorption capacity increased and the adsorption efficiency decreased with increasing concentration of Lead ions and reducing the amount of adsorbent. In a study of the adsorption isotherm, experimental data from the Langmuir model to follow. The data obtained in this study showed that the absorption of lead absorption kinetics model obeys Hu et al. The overall results of this study showed that the use of manganese dioxide .nanoparticles as a suitable method whit high potential for the removal of lead from aqueous solutions
علمی - پژوهشی
Fatemeh Rajab Nia; Seyed Hossein Hashemi; Reihaneh Rasoolzadeh; Saeed Soofizadeh
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 37-42
Abstract
Wastewater from the textile industry is one of the most polluted industrial effluents. Many different methods have been used for treatment of this type of effluents. Since ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent and attacks the double bonds of the dye molecules, it can be efficiently used for treatment of ...
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Wastewater from the textile industry is one of the most polluted industrial effluents. Many different methods have been used for treatment of this type of effluents. Since ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent and attacks the double bonds of the dye molecules, it can be efficiently used for treatment of this type of wastewater. The present study aims to determine the optimum running time and pH for removal of pollutants from the effluent. In the present research, experiments were carried out in a 4.2 l reactor with a 1393.431 mg inlet ozone. Colour and COD removal efficiencies were measured at different time periods and at pH values of 5 and 9. Results show that using the ozonation method under the optimum condition of a pH value of 9 and a running time 90 minutes reduced chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 21.6% and colour by 82.56% (Pt-Co scale), 73.63% (at 400 nm wavelength) and 90.76% (at 575 nm wavelength). Since the use of ozone alone to achieve the desired level of treatment is not .cost effective, it is recommended to use this method in combination with other methods
علمی - پژوهشی
Sadegh Salehi; Ahmad Bokharaei; Jila Ahmadi
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 43-52
Abstract
Today the issue of waste management is one of the most crucial issues in the field of waste management of large cities. Lack of land for waste disposal and long-term remain of certain types of waste such as glass, plastic and metals, is leading to undesirable environmental effects as well as pollution ...
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Today the issue of waste management is one of the most crucial issues in the field of waste management of large cities. Lack of land for waste disposal and long-term remain of certain types of waste such as glass, plastic and metals, is leading to undesirable environmental effects as well as pollution of soil, water and air. Among the types of waste, household waste accounted a considerable amount of municipal waste and urban studies show that one of the solutions is household waste separated for waste management. Due to the growing volume of waste generated in Tehran and several problems caused the Tehran Municipality has tried to encourage citizens towards waste separation in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the role of training and knowledge in the management of residual household waste. The study area covered Region 8 of Tehran Municipality in 2015. To conduct this research, survey method were applied. The ample of this study was composed of 400 residents of over 15 years old who were living in the region and selected by utilizing quota-random sampling method and the required information was gathered through questionnaires. Analysis was conducted by using spss software. The results also showed that more than half of the respondents have been trained about waste separation. The average level of respondents’ knowledge was reported at high-level. Moreover, analytical results showed that statistically, there was a significant relationship between training and waste separation. Also the amount of training associated with waste separation. According to test correlation people knowledge about waste was associated with waste separation and its correlation was positive and direct. Variables of age, gender, education and income have showed no impact on the separation of waste. In general, the results of this study too empirical support the effect of training on waste separation behavior by citizens and also presented necessity of attention to other social and cultural factors. .In other words, factors training and improving knowledge can not lead to the separation of waste alone and should done a comprehensive study alongside with other factors influencing in the behavior of waste separation.
علمی - پژوهشی
Mehdi Panahi; Seyyed Hassan Mirhashemi
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 53-58
Abstract
Due to recent droughts and global warming, in the modeling and prediction of climatic parameters it seems inevitable that the approach of using data mining algorithms to predict climatic elements has been widely used .Therefore, in this study the use of the CARD and CHAID data mining algorithms to predict ...
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Due to recent droughts and global warming, in the modeling and prediction of climatic parameters it seems inevitable that the approach of using data mining algorithms to predict climatic elements has been widely used .Therefore, in this study the use of the CARD and CHAID data mining algorithms to predict the air temperature at Arak synoptic stations was evaluated. The data provided are the average monthly data from the Arak weather station, including: “sunshine hours”, “dew point”, “relative humidity”, “average wind speed” and “saturation vapor pressure deficit” over a forty-six-year period from 1960 to 2005. The output variable used was “average temperature months later” on a monthly basis. After introducing the weather data as a monthly mean to the algorithm as an input variable of air temperature months later. Then to the CART and CHAID algorithms were evaluated using correlation coefficient (R2) and mean absolute error (MAE). According to the two statistical indices, the CHIAD Tree model has a better function by R2 =0.915 and MAE= 2.77 in forecasting the monthly average temperature for the months later.
علمی - پژوهشی
Ahmadreza Mehrabian; Razieh Ghafoori; Ali Moazeni
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 59-74
Abstract
Due to extensive threat factors facing the global biosphere as well as a lack of adequate conservation funds, we need to develop more efficient methods of conservation management in accordance with a comprehensive vision of biodiversity and that reinforces ecosystem-based actions. Meyghan Wetland which ...
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Due to extensive threat factors facing the global biosphere as well as a lack of adequate conservation funds, we need to develop more efficient methods of conservation management in accordance with a comprehensive vision of biodiversity and that reinforces ecosystem-based actions. Meyghan Wetland which shows high ecosystem values as well a wide range of threat factors was selected as a case study. As a transitional zone as well being diverse habitats, the wetland has covered a wide range of diverse plants and animals in the aforementioned area. Due to its natural potential for establishing an Important Bird Area (IBA) as well as designation as an international wetland, the importance of this area from the ecological and ecotourism point of view has increased. Moreover, the absence of the permanent streams, drought events, overharvesting of the underground waters, changes in the hydrologic gradient, decline in the water quality, the influence of chemical pollution, erosion as well as the lack of any appropriate program for land use planning has created several environmental challenges in the aforementioned region. Therefore, compilation and assessment of the basic ecological data, accompanied by an appropriate management plan, can be effective for the management of this wetland.
علمی - پژوهشی
Sedigheh Atrkar Roshan; Zahra Fathi
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 75-84
Abstract
It is a long time that human being have paid attention to the importance of environmental issues, nevertheless, the environmental threats are part of a development process that may not be denied. Inattention to the effective criteria of sustainable development can cause irreversible costs for various ...
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It is a long time that human being have paid attention to the importance of environmental issues, nevertheless, the environmental threats are part of a development process that may not be denied. Inattention to the effective criteria of sustainable development can cause irreversible costs for various societies. Based upon the role of education in the prevention of environmental degradation, the purpose of this research is to study the effect of education in production and emission of greenhouse gas of carbon dioxide during the period of 1992 to 2012. For hypotheses testing of the research, the Dynamic Panel Data (DPD) through the Generalized Moments Method (GMM) has been used for 12 selected countries including Iran in Middle East and North African Countries (MENA region. The findings of this study indicate, the positive and significant impact of the education variable on the improvement of environmental quality and reduction of air pollution. Besides, the results show that there is a direct relation between the political agencies and the lessening of population growth to the decline of air pollution. With the raise of the average schooling in total population, the growth of air pollution is declined. As a consequence, increasing investment in education and the average schooling can lead to lessen CO2 emission in selected MENA countries including Iran.
علمی - پژوهشی
Mina Rezaei; Farokh Hosseini Shekarabi; Mehdi Varsei; Abdoullah Samiee Bayragh
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 85-96
Abstract
wastewater of textile industry, especially azo compounds often are contain toxic materials and persistent in the environmental. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate performance various methods for the removal. Acid red 37 combinations is single structure in the azo dyes which have already been widely ...
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wastewater of textile industry, especially azo compounds often are contain toxic materials and persistent in the environmental. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate performance various methods for the removal. Acid red 37 combinations is single structure in the azo dyes which have already been widely used in the textile industry. Purpose this study Optimization of effective factors and Investigation performance electrofenton and electrocoagulation method at synthetic wastewater for Acid Red 37 dye removal from aqueous. This study, synthetic wastewater was formation from Acid Red 37 dye and pilot Scale was implemented. In this study was investigated concentration, pH, electrical density and temperature parameters. Ultimately was determine optimum conditions. was determine Amount of consumption energy at 90 percent efficiency. To investigate degradation of pollutant was GC-Mass. results was show both of methods was ability removal of Acid Red 37. But electrocoagulation was beter than electro fenton. Respectively, Optimum conditions to removal electro fenton and electrocoagulation were pH=3, time=120 min, density- 30 mA.cm2, concentration=50 mg/L, consumption energy 142.8 KWh/Kg Dye and pH=7 time=120 min, density- 30 mA.cm2, concentration=150 mg/L, consumption energy 130.2 KWh/Kg Dye. the results was show electrocoagulation beter than electrofenton and high ability for removal Acid Red 37.
علمی - پژوهشی
Ardavan Zarandian; Ahmad Reza Yavari; Hamid Reza Jafari; Hamid Amirnejad
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 97-112
Abstract
Quantifying and anticipation of the impacts of changes in waterrelated services caused by human activities is a complicated aspect of environmental assessment which can be facilitated by the application of dynamic and spatial models of ecosystem services. This paper aims to examine the application of ...
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Quantifying and anticipation of the impacts of changes in waterrelated services caused by human activities is a complicated aspect of environmental assessment which can be facilitated by the application of dynamic and spatial models of ecosystem services. This paper aims to examine the application of the WW PSS model in the Sarvelat and Javaherdasht forested landscape in order to calculate the water balance and water- related services of the ecosystem in a baseline condition and, then, to measure the impacts of changes in natural forest cover on the services' quantity and quality based on a scenario developed. The result of running the model indicates that the surfaces covered with dense forest have decreased by 29% in recent 13 years, but the semi-dense and poor forest covers have increased by 14% and 15%, respectively. Then, the impacts of such structural changes on water services were measured and this showed an overall decrease in water balance of 1.5 mm/yr and an increase in runoff of 12,197,528 m3/yr which is caused by a reduction in evapotranspiration due to cutting forest trees. In the final stage, the environmental consequences of changes in ecosystem services were quantified by the model which depicts an increase in soil erosion of 0.57 mm/yr on average and exacerbation of the potential of water contaminate distribution across the study landscape.
علمی - پژوهشی
Hadi Veisi; Ali Alipour; Fatemeh Darijani
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 113-124
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to analyze the impacts of IPM/ FFS programs on various outcomes by a broad range of stakeholders - including farming communities, local and national governments, and researchers - who are supporting such programs in Iran. This study is unique in that it uses an impact ...
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This study was conducted in order to analyze the impacts of IPM/ FFS programs on various outcomes by a broad range of stakeholders - including farming communities, local and national governments, and researchers - who are supporting such programs in Iran. This study is unique in that it uses an impact evaluation with a sociological perspective to explore the trigger and accumulation function of the effects of IPM/FFS programs in conformity with the community capital and adaptive management approaches. A total of 86 IPM/FFS stockholders were sampled. The principal component analysis was used to identify the impact factors of IPM/FFS programs and explore several factors, including the enhancement of social welfare, the improvement of farm health and safety, technical and social (leadership) skills development, risk management and marketing, improvement of production quality as well as expansion of farmers’ experiential abilities, and the establishment of adaptive ecological management. According to the trigger and accumulation function of the effects of IPM/FFS programs, it was concluded that the IPM/FFS stimulated social learning and that it strengthened human and political capital by developing technical, social and leadership skills, which apparently prompted social and financial capital through expanding the range of local activities, relationships and policies related to improved agro-ecosystem management (natural capital). Finally, based on the trigger and accumulation function of the effects of IPM/FFS programs, in particular for providing longterm effects, an adaptive management approach was recommended to emphasis on developmental impacts through a participatory approach.
علمی - پژوهشی
Katayoon Varshosaz; Janet Zangheneh; Naghmeh Mobarghaee
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 125-136
Abstract
In many work environments,human errors are of great importance, since they resultin adverse events. Therefore,in order to prevent or reduce the consequences of human errors, itis necessary to identify the cause interpolation. The aim of this study is to identify, assess and manage the risks of human ...
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In many work environments,human errors are of great importance, since they resultin adverse events. Therefore,in order to prevent or reduce the consequences of human errors, itis necessary to identify the cause interpolation. The aim of this study is to identify, assess and manage the risks of human errorsin Desalting unit & Compression Station of maroon. After the assessments of different parts of the control room in desalting unit in termsof health and safety, in order to identify risks and potential damage to human factors (critical tasks), Walking & Talking Through methods was used.In order to analyzethe critical tasks in desalting unit and compressionStation,Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) was applied. Then, the risks and potential human damage wereevaluated and classified in view of Probability of occurrence and Intensity of effects. HumanHazop method was used in the process of risk assessment.The results of calculating risks of human Hazop work sheet in Maroon units indicate that the most important reasons behind errors in this company are as follows : a) not performingjob tasks (%88.33) as themost important job tasks, and b) human errors with the highest percentage of (% 41.66).The consequences of human errors can be classified in 3 categories : 1)Economic consequences (%44.96) 2) management consequences ( %32.55) 3) Environmental consequences (%22.48).Human hazop method can be used for eliminating the occurrence of human errors and also reducing the intensity of theirconsequences , by altering the education, designing , safety systems and instructions, wich in turn increases the .tolerance of errors indesigns or operations
