ramin alivand; Omid Noori; hadi veisi; reza deihim
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction:Beginning and developing community gardens in city by creating a healthy and intimate atmosphere, it has made people feel refreshed and by increasing social, cultural and political participation It can be helpful in solving people's problems in the region, city and even the country. ...
Read More
AbstractIntroduction:Beginning and developing community gardens in city by creating a healthy and intimate atmosphere, it has made people feel refreshed and by increasing social, cultural and political participation It can be helpful in solving people's problems in the region, city and even the country. By creating a community garden, in addition to continuing to maintain the gardens, can also benefit from the services and functions of these gardens. In this research using Network analysis and ranking of indicators and their relationships in the decision-making process.Materials and methods:This research was conducted in Karaj city, based on different criteria and according to the opinion of framework experts to develop Community gardens Provide multi-function and multi-service. to reach this goal, used from the model provided for the services and functions of the community garden which has eight economic, political, social, cultural, ecological, environmental, educational and health dimensions, And with 125 components. In this research, data collection Using a questionnaire Based on ANP decision technique and pairwise comparisons by professionals with at least 15 years of experience which were selected by the snowball method. After calculating the geometric mean of the judgments made the information entered the software. The processing and analysis of the results of this research was done using Excel and Super decision software.Results and discussion:After measurement the weight of the used indicators, the final prioritization for the proposed functions and services was done by the super decisions software. Among the investigated indicators Stability index (2C) with a weight of 0.389 The most important indicator of choosing the services and functions of the community garden and after this index, Acceptability index (3C) with a weight of 0.228 and effectiveness index (1C) with a weight of 0.205 They were ranked next. Based on the calculation with weighted indicators, Among the functions of community garden dimensions The economic dimension of "Using Abandoned Lands", social dimension of "entertainment space", political dimension of "tourism", cultural dimension of "developing garden endowment culture", environmental dimension of "pollution reduction", ecological dimension of "biodiversity", health dimension "healthy body weight", educational dimension of "Environment for promoting agriculture" They got the highest priority.Conclusion:The results of this research can in showing the position of the community garden very useful by people and officials and to justify investment in order to benefit from the services and functions of the community garden. Due to the importance of the community garden, when designing the city, there should be a plan to provide urban green infrastructure. Based on the knowledge of services and functions of these gardens to be considered necessary in accordance with social preferences.
Parastoo Hassanpour; Romina Sayyahnia; Hassan Esmaeilzadeh
Abstract
Introduction: Urban green space, as an important part of the urban complex ecosystem, offers many ecological, social, and economic services that contribute to the quality of life in cities. Today, the rapid growth of urbanization, along with a lot of changes in land cover and land use, has caused many ...
Read More
Introduction: Urban green space, as an important part of the urban complex ecosystem, offers many ecological, social, and economic services that contribute to the quality of life in cities. Today, the rapid growth of urbanization, along with a lot of changes in land cover and land use, has caused many environmental impacts associated with a reduction in green spaces and, as a result, have negative environmental impacts. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the trend of changes in the extent and structure of green spaces in the 22nd district of Tehran from 1996 to 2018 with the landscape ecology approach. Material and methods: One of the principles of the ecology of the land is to examine the changes in land use and land cover over time. Accordingly, in the present study, using LANDSAT satellite imagery from 1996 and 2018, landslide maps of Tehran’s District 22 were first developed in four classes including man-made, green spaces, open spaces, and water patches. In the following, the selection of landscape metrics at the level of the landscape including normalized entropy, relative richness, edge density, patch area, patch compactness and class-level metrics including the number of patches, edge density at the class level, mean patch size, and mean shape index were analyzed for landscape analysis. Results and discussion: The findings reveal that green areas of zone 22 of Tehran in 2018, in aspect of cohesion, size and shape, structurally have been changed rather than 1996, and don't have desirable situation, because the structure of urban green spaces have been diminished. Namely, two type of basic changes have been occurred in ecological landscape, includes developing new polygons and segmentation of polygons. Conclusion: The findings of the research indicated that green patches in the district 22 of Tehran, in comparison with previous years, in terms of number, area, size and shape have undergone major changes and are not in a desirable condition, because the structure of urban green spaces have been fragmented. Accordingly, suitable spots for the development and improvement of the continuity of urban green patches were presented.
Sadegh Partani; Seyed Mohammad Reza Madany; Mir Hassan Seyed Seraji
Abstract
Introduction: Due to the development of cities and increasing water consumption per day, a large amount of wastewater is being daily produced. The use of refined sewage in irrigating the green space prevents environmental pollution. This research was carried out to investigate the effects of refined ...
Read More
Introduction: Due to the development of cities and increasing water consumption per day, a large amount of wastewater is being daily produced. The use of refined sewage in irrigating the green space prevents environmental pollution. This research was carried out to investigate the effects of refined sewage treatment on plant growth and its effects on physical and chemical properties of soil. Material and methods: After studying the research carried out inside and outside the country, a certain geographic area, facilities and equipment were evaluated. Then, with coordination with the related organizations, this study was carried out in Shahid Bagheri highway in Tehran. Irrigation of the plants as treatments were done as a completely randomized block design (CRD) under through two treatments (100% wastewater and 0% wastewater (well water which is current irrigation system)). Considering the irrigations as treatments for green space plants, characteristics of the applied sewage which was provided from wastewater Ekbatan treatment plant the effects of midterm period use of effluent (in one-year) physical and chemical properties of soil was carried out.the effect of irrigation with treated wastewater on the vegetative characteristics of selected species of green space (donut) by clay meter was recorded every three days regarding to the curved parts of the plant. Due to the limited amount of wastewater parameters and in order to verify and evaluate the results, the quality of the waste water was measured monthly in Ekbatan's WWTP laboratory and was compared to the standard of the Iranian Environment Organization. Results and discussion: By studying the role of wastewater on the growth and maintenance of urban green spaces in the form of a pilot study, the possibility of reuse of the wastewater from the sewage treatment plant of Ekbatan town was assessed. The aim of this study was to identify sustainable water sources in order to maximize of the wastewater recycling for the implementation of human ecology goals for sustainable development. The results showed that the effluent was in the permitted range for irrigation of green space. On the other hand, to investigate the effect of treated wastewater on the soil before and after the experiment, 18 soil samples were randomly selected, nine of which were sampled from 0 to 30 cm depth and nine others from the depths of 30 to 60 cm. All samples were mixed and transferred to the laboratory. The physico-chemical properties of the soil were measured at both depth ranges. The concentration of each element was within the standard limits, which is a proof of the non-contamination of the soil. In other words, the use of wastewater for irrigation does not lead to soil contamination and irrigation with wastewater causes an increase in the nutrition and fertility of the soil. Also, the growth rate of the organs as a function of the treatment conditions during the experiment had a significant difference. Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed that the amount of physiological parameters of plants irrigated with wastewater was greater than that of well water. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of wastewater for irrigation of green space is possible and has no negative effect on soil.
Bahram Siavashpour; Mojtaba ShadlooJahromi; Hasan Nodehi
Volume 14, Issue 4 , January 2017, , Pages 105-120
Abstract
Introduction: Sense of place is one of man's emotional reactions to the environment that link person to the place and forms the person's identity and place. Children's educational environment after the home and family puts the highest level of communication to interact with the children and sense of ...
Read More
Introduction: Sense of place is one of man's emotional reactions to the environment that link person to the place and forms the person's identity and place. Children's educational environment after the home and family puts the highest level of communication to interact with the children and sense of place attachment provides differences to the delight go back to school and stay in it that such fundamental factors are linked student to learning environment. On the other hand the lack of quality and quantity of green space environment of our school country have made this environment to soulless places with non-attractive materials and building for children. The aim of this study was to answer the question that basically what significant association between green environment schools and sense of place is established?Materials and methods: In this study it was tried first with using library studies act to explain the sense of attachment and its role in the children's learning environments; and then using field studies in a questionnaire manner; prove Assumptions at the beginning of the study by analyzing data from questionnaires in SPSS. In this questionnaires both a sense of attachment to school and relation with green space school (with various factors that including: "sensual relation with green space", "participation in the creation of green space" and "educational relation with green space") were measured.Results and discussion: It is composed of two parts: descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing. In descriptive statistics it is obvious direct connection between relation with green space school and sense of attachment to school. Witness of this is the ratio level of green space schools with children's sense of attachment; that has been achieved from the questionnaire distributed among students. In hypothesis testing each of the hypotheses will be examined that with using quantitative manner from both correlation test and multivariate regression method in prove hypothesis. The main hypothesis of research is proved with correlation (/649) that this indicates a positive and strong relationship between "relation with green space school" (in different levels) and "sense of attachment to school". As well as sub assumptions of research are proved with acceptable significant and correlation coefficient.Conclusion: At last, the result has been concluded that there are significant connection between relating with green space school in different levels including: "sensual relation with green space", "participation in the creation of green space" and "educational relation with green space", with sense of attachment to school in children. Sensual relationship with green space cause cognitive fluency on place by creating direct involvement (with all senses of perception and) and experience-driven; that this cause sense of intimacy and attachment to place. Participating in the creation of green space excites a self-esteem and sense of ownership towards the environment in children that Facilitates the belonging to a place. Also educational relation with green space is other cases where the outdoors and nature as a learning environment or teaching and learning resource is raised.
