somaye arazi; mohammadhosein irannezhadparizi; Ahad sotoudeh; bahman kiani
Abstract
Background: Landscape of an area consists of uniform parts of that land that have components of patchs, passages and bed of land landscape. Since the density and distribution of vegetation in the landscape of the land of the passage of time is affected by many variables and changes. Variety and uniformity ...
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Background: Landscape of an area consists of uniform parts of that land that have components of patchs, passages and bed of land landscape. Since the density and distribution of vegetation in the landscape of the land of the passage of time is affected by many variables and changes. Variety and uniformity of plants studies the effectiveness of the indicators of richness, diversity and uniformity of vegetation from the structure of the landscape.Materials and Methods: In this study, two variables of size and shape of patchs on the structure of the Adoroshk watershed were selected because these two variables are known as important components in the planning of areas for conservation purposes. For this purpose, first the identification and preparation of the map of the structure of the land address of Adoroshk was performed and then the desired map in Arc GIS 10.3 software with suitable image format and ready to enter FRAGSTATS 4.2 software and then two variables of ratio of environment to area and size The patchs in the structure of Adoroshk land were calculated. Data obtained from identification and counting of vegetation in the area, which were the result of linear transect and plot method, were also entered in SPSS software environment and through Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Hill, Brillouin and MacArthur Plant diversity was measured using the Margalf, Mann-Henick index of plant richness in each spot of the habitat. The Pilo, Alatalo and Hip indices were also used to measure species uniformity. The correlation between the variables was determined from Pearson correlation.Results and Discussion: In this study, 60 plant species were identified and counted in 338 plots and the findings of this study indicate a significant relationship between the two physical variables of size and shape of habitat spots and richness. The diversity and uniformity of rangeland plant species in the Adoroshk watershed.Conclusion: The priority of paying attention to circular patchs that have a minimum ratio of environment to area in the design and management of Adoroshk watershed was proven during the planning and protection of vegetation.
Javad Farrokhi Toolir; Mohammad Abedini Esfahlani
Abstract
Introduction: Russian olive (Senjed) is planted in a large area in Iran, and at the same time, there are limited natural habitats of its species. This elder tree can be found in different types of soils and moisture conditions, but preferably it grows better in flood plains and humid coastal areas. Russian ...
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Introduction: Russian olive (Senjed) is planted in a large area in Iran, and at the same time, there are limited natural habitats of its species. This elder tree can be found in different types of soils and moisture conditions, but preferably it grows better in flood plains and humid coastal areas. Russian olive has a special place as one of the important products of Kerman province. The area under cultivation and the amount of its production in Kerman province are 309 hectares and 1100 metric tons, respectively. In this province, native trees are mainly cultivated along streams and on the edge of fields due to the deliciousness of their fruits. In spite of wide variety and potential of it, there is less information is available on the number of species and the genetic diversity of local genotypes. This study, as a preliminary investigation, showed the existence of a high morphological diversity in the native Russian olive genotypes of the province, which reveals the importance of using them in future multi-breeding programs.Materials and methods: In this research, six qualitative traits include fruit shape, fruit aroma and flavor, fruit skin color, fruit ripening date, flowering date, and leaf shape, and fourteen quantitative traits including panicle length, panicle width, petiole length, Petiole width, thorn length, thorn width, fruit length, fruit width, seed length, seed width, fruit tail length, fruit tail width, fruit weight and seed weight were studied between 22 Russian olive native genotypes from Sirjan, Bardsir and Kerman regions.Results and discussion: The results showed the existence of many traits among genotypes. The average fruit length is 1.87 cm, fruit diameter is 1.12 cm, fruit weight is 1.49 grams, seed weight is 0.52 grams, leaf length is 4.27 cm and leaf width is 2.48 cm. was observed. The highest fruit weight and fruit quality and flavor were reported in genotype number (4) of Mahmoudabad, Sirjan. The highest positive correlation coefficient at the probable level (p<0.01), petiole length and spine length (r=0.669), petiole length and fruit tail length (r=0.601), and fruit length and fruit diameter (r=0.584) was observed. Analyzing into main components in qualitative traits showed that the first two components included 62% of the total changes. In quantitative traits, the first 5 components included 74.77% of the total changes. Based on the dendrogram of the scatterplot of quantitative and qualitative traits, all genotypes were divided into 3 separate groups. In the present research, the classification of masses based on quantitative traits did not follow their geographical distribution.Conclusion: The highest fruit weight belonged to the genotype of Mahmoud Abad Sirjan, which is a tropical region of Sirjan, and it had a sweet taste and a good aroma. The highest correlation values of traits were observed in PC1 between the traits of flowering date, leaf shape, leaf, fruit and seed dimensions, as well as seed weight. The presence of superior leaf traits and the subsequent improvement programs on them can expand the scope of use of elderberry from the fruit-only state. Environmental conditions and being at different heights above sea level do not play a significant role in the classification of genotypes.
Mohammad Moetamedi; Kourosh Ehteramian; Alireza Shahabfar
Volume 4, Issue 4 , July 2007
Abstract
The long-term forecasting and monitoring of Climatological parameters depends on identification of all effective factors that are affects on this phenomenon. One of these parameters is the weather signal. These signals are the determinable and specific pattern and occur in the distinguished regions in ...
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The long-term forecasting and monitoring of Climatological parameters depends on identification of all effective factors that are affects on this phenomenon. One of these parameters is the weather signal. These signals are the determinable and specific pattern and occur in the distinguished regions in the world, but its effects are worldwide. One of the famous signals is ENSO phenomenon, which have two phases. In this paper with using annual and seasonal correlations between Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and rainfall data and also between Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and temperature data, the effective amounts of ENSO phases on the differences of these factors was studied in the all regions of Khorasan province in I.R.of Iran, then for more comprehensive study the classification maps in relation of ENSO and variability of rainfall and temperature were drown. It was concluded that the mentioned parameter in the whole of the province especially in central and north strip have shown significant action to ENSO,in other word the average of temperature correlation indices are negative annually and seasonally ,it means when SOI amounts are increased the temperature in Khorasan province will be decreased. With regard to increasing the above weather parameters in all regions of Khorasan province at the time of ENSO's negative phases (El Nino condition) variation of temperature could be related to the changes of pattern of occurrences this phenomenon (ENSO) due to climatic change around the world.
