leila saberpour; Saeid Soufizadeh; Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani; Jafar Kambouzia; Ghorban Ghorbani Nasrabad
Abstract
Introduction: Cotton is one of the most important fiber plants in Iran which needs more production for national fiber sufficiency goal. Its cropping area in Iran is now about 140,000 ha in which 95.3% is irrigated; rainfed cotton is growing only in Khorasan, Golestan and Mazandaran. Planting date and ...
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Introduction: Cotton is one of the most important fiber plants in Iran which needs more production for national fiber sufficiency goal. Its cropping area in Iran is now about 140,000 ha in which 95.3% is irrigated; rainfed cotton is growing only in Khorasan, Golestan and Mazandaran. Planting date and nutrition management and their interactions are amongst the most important determinants of crop yield.Material and methods: Field experiment in 2016 in the fields of Cotton Research Center of Golestan province in Hashem Abad split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design was conducted. Treatments include the planting date as the main factor, cultivar (Latif and Golestan) and nitrogen (three levels: desirable, a third desirable and without fertilizer) as sub plots. The first planting date in the traits (TDM, LAI, CGR and RGR) was superior to the second planting date. Among the cultivars, Golestan cultivar showed a better response to Latif cultivar at zero fertilizer level and 160 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer.Results and discussion: TDM variation and LAI of cotton cultivars during the growing season were three stages. The first stage, the phase of presentation, in which the TDM variations continued up to 55 and 61 days after planting and the rate of changes in the LAI, respectively, was 55 and 43 days after planting in the first and second planting dates. TDM accumulation changes up to 109 and 96 days, the LAI was about 88 and 96 days, the RGR was 55 and 61 days, and the CGR was 88 and 96 days after planting in the first and second plantings increased linearly. Maximum RGR and CGR were observed at cultivar Golestan cultivar at zero and 160 kg ha-1 in first planting date.Conclusion: In general, first planting date (29 June) in comparison with the second planting date (12 July) caused higher DM production, LAI, RGR and vegetative growth and Golestan cultivar had better performance than Latif cultivar at 0 and 160 khNha-1. The maximum RGR at these two-fertilizer level in Golestan cultivar was recorded at the first planting date which caused a significant difference for the time reaching maximum LAI.
Sanaz Shoghi Kalkhoran,; Amir Ghalavand; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modares Sanavi
Volume 9, Issue 2 , January 2012
Abstract
In order to study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower (Alestar hybrid) under the effects of bio fertilizer and winter wheat as a green manure,in combination with the integrated nitrogen sources (chemical-farmyard manure, FYM), an experiment was carried out on experimental farm ...
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In order to study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower (Alestar hybrid) under the effects of bio fertilizer and winter wheat as a green manure,in combination with the integrated nitrogen sources (chemical-farmyard manure, FYM), an experiment was carried out on experimental farm at the Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University in Tehran (Iran) during 2008. The experimental design was a split plot in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in which seven fertilizer treatments, namely F1 (100% FYM), F2 (75% FYM + 25% chemical), F3 (50% FYM + 50% chemical), F4 (25% FYM + 75% chemical), F5 (100% chemical), F6 (50% FYM + 50% chemical + green manure) and F7 (75% FYM + 25% chemical + green manure), were randomized to the main plot units and two levels of bio fertilizer I1 (inoculation) and I0 (control) to the sub-plot units. The results revealed that for grain and biological yield, yield components in integrated systems was significantly more than in organic and chemical systems. The highest grain yield (3034.5 kg/ha), head weight (90.06 g), head diameter (19.40 cm), 1000 seed weight (67.99 g) and seed number in head (925.5) were obtained in the F6treatment (F6>F3>F4>F7>F2>F5>F1). Inoculation of bio fertilizer improved the grain yield and yield components, oil and protein content and the oil quality of sunflower compared with untreated plants. Saturated fatty acids decreased significantly, while unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid and oleic acid) increased in response to raising the organic manure and using bio fertilizer.
Ehsan Jamshidi,; Amir Ghalavand; Fatemeh Sephidkon; Ebrahim Mohamadi Goltaph
Volume 8, Issue 4 , July 2011
Abstract
The aims of our study were to compare the effectiveness of different nutrition systems and fungi Piriformospora indica on yield and the concentration of elements in shoot and grain of fennel (Foeniculum Valgare Mill). A field study was conducted in 2009 in the Tehran region and the type of design was ...
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The aims of our study were to compare the effectiveness of different nutrition systems and fungi Piriformospora indica on yield and the concentration of elements in shoot and grain of fennel (Foeniculum Valgare Mill). A field study was conducted in 2009 in the Tehran region and the type of design was a randomized complete block with a factorial arrangement and three replications. Five levels of manure (without organic manure, 100% cattle manure, 100% spent mushroom compost and 50% cattle manure with 50% spent mushroom compost and 100% N) along with two levels of inoculation and not-inoculation of the plant with Piriformospora indica. Results showed that different nutrition systems impacted significantly on yield, dry matter, harvest index and nitrogen concentration of plant and grain. The result also showed that fungi significantly affected all of the measured traits except for the potassium concentration of plant and grain. Also, the interaction effects of fungi ¥nutrition systems was not significant in all measured traits except the harvest index. The result showed that the highest (1559 kg/ha) and the least (632 kg/ha) grain yield was produced in chemical systems Piriformospora indica and fertilization systems respectively
Behnam Kamkar; Reza Ghorbani Nasrabadi; Seyyed Majid Alimagham; Tayyebe Ebrahimi
Volume 7, Issue 1 , October 2009
Abstract
Residue management is one of the optimistic options for sustaining agroecosystems. In order to investigate NO3 and NH4 dynamism with the application of soybean and cotton residues incorporated with a silty-clay-loam soil (0-30 cm), an aerobic incubation experiment was carried out using three residue ...
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Residue management is one of the optimistic options for sustaining agroecosystems. In order to investigate NO3 and NH4 dynamism with the application of soybean and cotton residues incorporated with a silty-clay-loam soil (0-30 cm), an aerobic incubation experiment was carried out using three residue treatments (including cotton residue, soybean residue and cotton residue+urea to eliminate immobilization). The residue amount was determined in order to provide 150 Kg ha-1 of Kjeldahl nitrogen after incorporation with soil (this was done using the nitrogen factor method).The samples were incubated for 175 days under a controlled environment at 25 ̊C. The NO3 and NH4 concentration and bacteria, fungi and Actinomycete populations were measured 7, 14, 28, 67, 109 and 175 days after incubation began. The results confirmed microbial activity dynamism during time. Cotton residues revealed a non significant prevalence on soybean residue with respect to cumulative nitrate and ammonia, which were released during the incubation period. In all cases, the cotton + urea treatment was better than both other treatments. These results were not interpretable based on the C:N ratio and the results showed that the lignin content is probably more important than the C:N ratio (lignin percentage of cotton and soybean residues are equal to 0.7-1.6% and 14%, respectively). In this study, the relationship between nitrate and ammonia dynamism with microbial communities have been analyzed.
Ali Abolhasani; Gholamhosein Ebrahimipour
Volume 5, Issue 4 , July 2008
Abstract
The effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) concentrations on crude oil biodegradation by two bacterial strains PG01 and PG02, previously isolated from Persian Gulf, was assessed. In order to determine the optimum concentration of N and P sources for oil consumption bye the isolates, bacteria were cultured ...
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The effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) concentrations on crude oil biodegradation by two bacterial strains PG01 and PG02, previously isolated from Persian Gulf, was assessed. In order to determine the optimum concentration of N and P sources for oil consumption bye the isolates, bacteria were cultured in mineral salt medium containing crude oil as sole carbon source and with different concentrations of ammonium chloride (N source) and di-sodium hydrogen phosphate (P source). Culture flasks were incubated at 30 degree centigrade agitating 150 rpm for 5 days. Measuring total protein, as an indicator of petroleum biodegradation, revealed that the optimum N and P concentrations for oil consumption by strain PG01 are equal to 0.146 gram ammonium chloride and 0.024 gram di-sodium hydrogen phosphate per gram crude oil. The other strain, PG02, needed more N source for optimum growth and the results were 0.146 gram ammonium chloride and 0.024 gram di-sodium hydrogen phosphate per gram crude oil.
Majid Gholamhoseini; Amir Ghalavand,; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres Sanavy; Ehsan Jamshidi
Volume 5, Issue 1 , October 2007
Abstract
In order to study the effect of Iranian zeolite application namely clinoptilolite in animal manure, on yield and yield component of sunflower under different irrigation regimes, an experiment was conducted during 2005-2006 year, at Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Agriculture, ...
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In order to study the effect of Iranian zeolite application namely clinoptilolite in animal manure, on yield and yield component of sunflower under different irrigation regimes, an experiment was conducted during 2005-2006 year, at Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Agriculture, located at 16 KM Tehran-Karaj Highway, as spilt plot arrangement in randomize complete block design with four replications. Irrigation regimes including: irrigation after consuming 35% of available soil moisture (W1), irrigation after consuming 70% of available soil moisture (W1) that were randomized to the main plot units and subplots were different fertilizer treatments including: providing 100% N of plant requirement from urea chemical fertilizer (F1), providing 60% and 40% N plant requirement from urea chemical fertilizer and animal manure respectively (F2), providing 60% and 40% plant requirement N from urea chemical fertilizer and animal manure compost respectively accompany with zeolite in amount of 5% of animal manure weight (F3), providing 60% and 40% plant requirement N from urea chemical fertilizer and animal manure compost respectively accompany with zeolite in amount of 5% of animal manure weight (F4), providing 60% and 40% plant requirement N from urea chemical fertilizer and animal manure compost respectively accompany with zeolite in amount of 5% of animal manure weight (F5). Result showed that different irrigation regimes and fertilizer levels and their interactions significantly affected on grain yield, oil percent and yield, protein percent, 1000 seed weight, head diameter, grain number in head, final dry matter and leaf chlorophyll content at flowering stage. The highest grain yield was obtained from F4 and F5 treatments in W1 irrigation regime with of 2641.6 and 2602.4 kg/ha respectively. Therefore the best treatments in this experiment were W1F4 and W1F5.
