Effects of Bio Fertilizer and Green Manure (Winter Wheat)in Combination with Integrated Nitrogen Sources (Chemical-Farmyard Manure) on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Shoghi Kalkhoran,, Sanaz; Ghalavand, Amir; Modares Sanavi, Seyed Ali Mohammad

Effects of Bio Fertilizer and Green Manure (Winter Wheat)in Combination with Integrated Nitrogen Sources (Chemical-Farmyard Manure) on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

Sanaz Shoghi Kalkhoran, ¹

Amir Ghalavand ²

Seyed Ali Mohammad Modares Sanavi ³

¹ MSc. graduate of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University

² Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University

³ Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University

Abstract

In order to study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower (Alestar hybrid) under the effects of bio fertilizer and winter wheat as a green manure,in combination with the integrated nitrogen sources (chemical-farmyard manure, FYM), an experiment was carried out on experimental farm at the Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University in Tehran (Iran) during 2008. The experimental design was a split plot in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in which seven fertilizer treatments, namely F1 (100% FYM), F2 (75% FYM + 25% chemical), F3 (50% FYM + 50% chemical), F4 (25% FYM + 75% chemical), F5 (100% chemical), F6 (50% FYM + 50% chemical + green manure) and F7 (75% FYM + 25% chemical + green manure), were randomized to the main plot units and two levels of bio fertilizer I1 (inoculation) and I0 (control) to the sub-plot units. The results revealed that for grain and biological yield, yield components in integrated systems was significantly more than in organic and chemical systems. The highest grain yield (3034.5 kg/ha), head weight (90.06 g), head diameter (19.40 cm), 1000 seed weight (67.99 g) and seed number in head (925.5) were obtained in the F6treatment (F6>F3>F4>F7>F2>F5>F1). Inoculation of bio fertilizer improved the grain yield and yield components, oil and protein content and the oil quality of sunflower compared with untreated plants. Saturated fatty acids decreased significantly, while unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid and oleic acid) increased in response to raising the organic manure and using bio fertilizer.

Keywords

Keywords: Sunflower

Integrated nutrition systems

Bio fertilizer

Green manure

Nitrogen