Zohreh Khorasanian; Naghmeh Mobarghaee Dinan; Saeed Soufizadeh; Reihaneh Rasoolzadeh
Abstract
Introduction: Population growth, traffic jam, and industrial development generate air pollution in metropolises such as Tehran. Regarding the fact that air pollution can cause serious damage to the health of citizens, various studies have been conducted at the national and international levels. Undoubtedly, ...
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Introduction: Population growth, traffic jam, and industrial development generate air pollution in metropolises such as Tehran. Regarding the fact that air pollution can cause serious damage to the health of citizens, various studies have been conducted at the national and international levels. Undoubtedly, one of the most important ways to reduce environmental pollution is the use of control programs and measures. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of some plans and programs to reduce the air pollution of a metropolis (Tehran). Material and methods: To determine the annual fluctuations in air pollutants (Carbon Monoxide (CO), Particulate Matter of 10 microns in diameter or smaller (PM10), Ozone (O3), Sulfur Oxides (SOX), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and Nitrogen Monoxide (NO)), the concentration of these parameters was investigated in Tehran from 2005 to 2012. Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression (SAS software) were used to evaluate the relationships between air pollution, number of vehicles and fuel consumption in Tehran. Results and discussion: From 2005 to 2012, the trend of annual changes in CO concentration was decreased. The highest concentration of this pollutant (2006) was 5 mg/l and the lowest concentration (2011) was about 2 mg/l. During the same period, the annual trend of PM10 increased from 100 to140 μg/m3. In these years, the annual trend of ozone decreased from 0.03 mg/l to 0.02 mg/l. Meanwhile, the annual concentration of sulfur dioxide decreased from 0.055 to 0.03 mg/l. Changes in annual NO2 and NO concentration decreased during the mentioned years from l0.07 to 0.2 mg/l and from 0.05 to 0.010 mg/l, respectively. Conclusion: Results show that the trend of annual change in the concentration of pollutants was decreasing for all pollutants (except for suspended particles) from 2005 to 2012. Eliminating eroded cars, and using hybrid and gas-fueled vehicles played an important role in reducing air pollution in Tehran. Also, due to the results of the correlation analysis and the significance of the effect of eroded cars on atmospheric pollutants, the impact of this policy on reducing emissions was significant. The results of stepwise regression analysis from 2005 to 2012 showed that eliminating the eroded cars and replacing them with dual-fuel ones had the most significant effect on reducing carbon monoxide emissions in Tehran.
Katayoon Varshosaz; Janet Zangheneh; Naghmeh Mobarghaee
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January 2016, , Pages 125-136
Abstract
In many work environments,human errors are of great importance, since they resultin adverse events. Therefore,in order to prevent or reduce the consequences of human errors, itis necessary to identify the cause interpolation. The aim of this study is to identify, assess and manage the risks of human ...
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In many work environments,human errors are of great importance, since they resultin adverse events. Therefore,in order to prevent or reduce the consequences of human errors, itis necessary to identify the cause interpolation. The aim of this study is to identify, assess and manage the risks of human errorsin Desalting unit & Compression Station of maroon. After the assessments of different parts of the control room in desalting unit in termsof health and safety, in order to identify risks and potential damage to human factors (critical tasks), Walking & Talking Through methods was used.In order to analyzethe critical tasks in desalting unit and compressionStation,Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) was applied. Then, the risks and potential human damage wereevaluated and classified in view of Probability of occurrence and Intensity of effects. HumanHazop method was used in the process of risk assessment.The results of calculating risks of human Hazop work sheet in Maroon units indicate that the most important reasons behind errors in this company are as follows : a) not performingjob tasks (%88.33) as themost important job tasks, and b) human errors with the highest percentage of (% 41.66).The consequences of human errors can be classified in 3 categories : 1)Economic consequences (%44.96) 2) management consequences ( %32.55) 3) Environmental consequences (%22.48).Human hazop method can be used for eliminating the occurrence of human errors and also reducing the intensity of theirconsequences , by altering the education, designing , safety systems and instructions, wich in turn increases the .tolerance of errors indesigns or operations
Houman Liaghati; Halimeh Jahangard; Naghmeh Mobarghei Dinan
Volume 11, Issue 4 , January 2014
Abstract
Nowadays, water pollution is one of the most serious environmental challenges in managerial policies of the world. On the other hand, the effect of economic development of the countries on pollution emission is undeniable. The mail goal of this study is to investigate the amount and direction of theeffect ...
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Nowadays, water pollution is one of the most serious environmental challenges in managerial policies of the world. On the other hand, the effect of economic development of the countries on pollution emission is undeniable. The mail goal of this study is to investigate the amount and direction of theeffect of gross domestic production and energy consumption on water pollution in Iran. The investigation was performed using 1973-2007 time series data and the vector error correction model (VECM). The results showed that, when gross domestic product rises, although the amount of pollution increases at the beginning, eventually the amount of water pollution decrease as this process goes on. The results also showed that a 1% increase in energy consumption results in 0.55% increase in water pollution. Considering this positive effect of energy consumption on water pollution, the implementation of policies for increasing energy efficiency should result in a pollution decrease. Estimation of the error correction coefficient indicated that it would take more than 1.54 year to adjust the shocks caused by water pollution in Iran.
