Original Articles
Mohammad Reza Labbafi; Assadollah Hejazi; Fariba Meighani; Hamideh Khalaj; Mohammad Ali Baghestani
Volume 5, Issue 3 , April 2008
Abstract
The 'equal compartment-agar method' was used to evaluate the allelopathic potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars on the seedling growth of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and rye (Secale cereale). The experiment was carried out during 2005 at the Weed Research Department of the Iranian ...
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The 'equal compartment-agar method' was used to evaluate the allelopathic potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars on the seedling growth of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and rye (Secale cereale). The experiment was carried out during 2005 at the Weed Research Department of the Iranian Crop Protection Research Institute, in a factorial form on a completely randomized design with three replications. Wheat cultivars in four levels (Shiraz and Niknejad, as more competitive cultivars; Tabasi and Roshan, as less competitive cultivars) and the density of wheat seedlings on four levels − 0 (control), 8, 16 and 24 − were considered as factors. Mean comparison showed that higher seedling density (at 24) had the greatest effect on decreasing rye growth (seedling, radicle, and hypocotyl) and all of the wheat cultivars showed a decrease in seedling, radicle and hypocotyl length in comparison with the control. All the wheat cultivars, especially at the highest density, decreased seedling and radicle length, but increased the hypocotyl length of field bindweed.
مقاله کوتاه
Farhang Mozaffar; Seyed Bagher Hoseini; Mohammad Soleimani; Abbas Tarkashvand
Volume 5, Issue 3 , April 2008
Original Articles
Vahab Vaezzadeh; Ali Mashinchian Moradi; Abbas Esmaili Sari; Seyyed Mohammadreza Fatemi
Volume 5, Issue 3 , April 2008
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides including lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin and DDT were analized in muscle tissue of two commercial fish species, (Cyprinus carpio and Rutilus frisii) from five stations in the southwest Caspian Sea (Astara-Hashtpar-Anzali-Kiashahr and Ramsar). There was no pesticide contamination ...
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Organochlorine pesticides including lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin and DDT were analized in muscle tissue of two commercial fish species, (Cyprinus carpio and Rutilus frisii) from five stations in the southwest Caspian Sea (Astara-Hashtpar-Anzali-Kiashahr and Ramsar). There was no pesticide contamination in fish samples of Astara. Heptachlor in muscle tissue of Cyprinus carpio from Anzali had the highest concentration (11.964 mg/kg - lipid weight basis) among all fish samples. Mean level of each pesticide was calculated in all fish samples. The results showed that among other pesticides, heptachlor is the main contaminant in southwest of Caspian Sea (2.6479 mg/kg - lipid weight basis). Generally, in comparison with Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) established by FAO/WHO, the levels of heptachlor in muscle tissue of Cyprinus carpio from Anzali and Ramsar, Rutilus frisii from Hashtpar and level of dieldrin in muscle tissue of Rutilus frisii from Kiashahr can have health risk to consumers. The concentration of above mentioned pesticides in the same fish samples are higher than Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). In addition, level of DDT in muscle tissue of Rutilus frisii from Ramsar exceeds the MRL values.
مقاله کوتاه
Javad Mirzaei; Maliheh Khanlarian khatiri
Volume 5, Issue 3 , April 2008
Original Articles
Alireza Khodashenas; Alireza Koocheki, Parviz; Parviz Rezvani Moghadam; Amir Lakzian
Volume 5, Issue 3 , April 2008
Abstract
Soil nematodes and bacteria play an important role in soil function. In order to evaluatethe effects of agricultural practices on these organisms, a study was conducted in winter wheat fields of Shirvan, Mashhad and Gonabad, three regions of Khorasan Province. In each region, high and low input fields ...
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Soil nematodes and bacteria play an important role in soil function. In order to evaluatethe effects of agricultural practices on these organisms, a study was conducted in winter wheat fields of Shirvan, Mashhad and Gonabad, three regions of Khorasan Province. In each region, high and low input fields of winter wheat were selected, along with a natural system for comparison. Use of agricultural inputs was the criterion for the selection of low and high input fields in each region. Soil sampling was undertaken on fields and natural systems. Organic matter and the number of nematodes and culturable bacteria in soil samples were measured. The percentage of soil organic matter in all systems was low but, in agro-ecosystems, it was greater than in natural systems. Results showed that organic matter, soil moisture and mean annual temperature has an affect on soil nematodes. The number of nematodes in agro-ecosystems was reater than in natural systems in all three regions. The mean number of soil nematodes in 100g dry weight of soil in the natural systems of Shirvan, Mashhad and Gonabad was 166, 184 and 132, respectively; in the low input systems of Shirvan, Mashhad and Gonabad it was 550, 459 and 1067, respectively and in the high input systems of Shirvan, Mashhad and Gonabad it was 348, 1084 and 485, respectively. Agricultural practices had no negative effects on soil bacterial numbers and the number of soil bacteria increased in some agro-ecosystems. Results showed that agro-ecosystems improved the conditions for nematodes and bacteria and increased the number of these organisms in soil.
Original Articles
Mehrzad keshavarzi fard; Ali Mashinchian Moradi; Seyyed Mohammad Reza Fatemi; Abbas Esmaili Sari
Volume 5, Issue 3 , April 2008
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides are very important, due to their carcinogenic and delayed toxic function and their effect on nervous system of fish and human. In this study concentration of organochlorine pesticides including Lindane, Heptachlor, Dieldrin, Aldrin and DDT was measured in muscle tissues of stellate ...
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Organochlorine pesticides are very important, due to their carcinogenic and delayed toxic function and their effect on nervous system of fish and human. In this study concentration of organochlorine pesticides including Lindane, Heptachlor, Dieldrin, Aldrin and DDT was measured in muscle tissues of stellate sturgeon of southern coasts of the Caspian Sea from Astara, Hashtpar, Bandare Anzali, Kiashahr, Ramsar, Chalous, Noor, Feraidoun Kenar, Khazarabade Sari and Bandare Turkman stations. In sampled stellate sturgeon, Heptachlor with an average concentration of 3.933 mg/kg on lipid weigth basis and Aldrin with an average concentration of <0.288 mg/kg on lipid weigth basis had the highest and lowest concentrations, respectively. The order of these pesticides according to average of concentration are as follow: Heptachlor > DDT > Lindane > Dilderin > Aldrin. Comparison of measured concentrations with Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) established by FAO/WHO showed that the average concentration of Heptachlor in all sampling stations exceeded the MRL value, also concentration of DDT in samples from Chalous and Bandare Turkman exceeded the MRL value.
Original Articles
Seyed Mahmoud Aghili; Pooneh Rasooli; Leila Abdoli
Volume 5, Issue 3 , April 2008
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine probable impacts of construction of Alamut Dam on the status of the fish community of the Alamut and Taleghan Streams in autumn 2000. The fish species found were: Alburnoides bipunctatus, Barbus capito, B.lacerta, B.mursa, Capoeta capoeta, Leuciscus cephalus, Salmo ...
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A study was conducted to determine probable impacts of construction of Alamut Dam on the status of the fish community of the Alamut and Taleghan Streams in autumn 2000. The fish species found were: Alburnoides bipunctatus, Barbus capito, B.lacerta, B.mursa, Capoeta capoeta, Leuciscus cephalus, Salmo trutta, Onchorhynchus mykiss, Nemachilus bergianus.B.capito and B.mursa are both highly prized taxa in terms of their population status and for sport fishing; the latter needs full habitat protection to survive.Salmo trutta will face little impact from the Alamut Dam construction since its habitat is mainly confined to a stretch of river well upstream of the construction site. It should be kept in mind, however, that the Manjil (Sefid Rud) Dam has some affect on the operation of the Alamut Dam, both being constructed on the same water body. Therefore, any interpretation of the possible impact of the Alamut Dam on hydrobiology of the area must be focused on the entire water basin ecology.
Original Articles
Javad Mirzaei; Moslem Akbarinia; Seyed Mohsen Hosseni; Mehrdad Kohzadi
Volume 5, Issue 3 , April 2008
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between biodiversity and the richness of woody and ground vegetation species, soil physicochemical and physiographic characteristics of the Zagros forests. This study was conducted at Arghavan reservoir in the North of Ilam Province in Iran. For this ...
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The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between biodiversity and the richness of woody and ground vegetation species, soil physicochemical and physiographic characteristics of the Zagros forests. This study was conducted at Arghavan reservoir in the North of Ilam Province in Iran. For this study, plots with a systematic distribution across the northern (n =24), southern (n =20) and western (n =13) aspects were selected and vegetation, soil and physiographic data were measured. Results showed that, in the southern aspect, ground vegetation diversity had a negative relationship with clay and sand while it had positive correlation with silt. In the northern aspect, ground vegetation diversity had a negative correlation with elevation above sea level. In the western aspect, ground vegetation diversity had a positive correlation with CaCo3 while it had negative correlation with salinity and elevation above sea level. Results also showed that, in all the aspects, woody species only had a relationship with physical factors. These results suggest that in ecological studies for assessing the relationship between vegetation and environment, soil factors should be measured for the assessment of ground vegetation and, for woody species, physical and physiographic factors.
Original Articles
Ali Reza Astaraei; Fereshteh Almasian
Volume 5, Issue 3 , April 2008
Abstract
The amount of municipal waste leachate produced during the process of composting of solid waste refuse is high, due to its higher moisture content. Therefore, improper collection methods and uses can cause environmental problems. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of municipal ...
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The amount of municipal waste leachate produced during the process of composting of solid waste refuse is high, due to its higher moisture content. Therefore, improper collection methods and uses can cause environmental problems. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of municipal soild waste compost leachate (MSWC leachate) on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum) with four irrigation treatments of different leachate-to-water ratios (T0=water, T20=20%,T40=40%, T60=60% V/V basis) in a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions. Results obtained indicate the significant effect of different leachate to water ratios on ECe, pH, TN, available P and OC of soil, yield and yield components of wheat. ECe, TN, available P and OC of soil increased, but the soil pH decreased with MSWC leachate concentrations and the maximum was recorded for the T60 treatment. The number of grains per spike (more than 1.4 times), plant height(13.8%), grain weight per spike (more than 1.6 times), grain and straw yields (more than 1.5 and 1.6 times, respectively), and the ratio of grain weight to straw weight in a leachate-to-water ratio of 20/80 (T20) treatment increased when compared to their respective controls and the other treatments (p≤0.05). Spike length and 1000 grain weight in a leachate-to-water ratio of 20/80 (T20) treatment were not significantly different from their respective controls. Increasing the leachate concentrations to more than 20%, reduced yield and yield components of wheat compared to control, probably due to a soil salinity increase and its negative impacts on the parameters studied (p≤0.05).
Original Articles
Ali Abolhasani; Gholamhosein Ebrahimiopour; Hosein Kermanian
Volume 5, Issue 3 , April 2008
Abstract
Screening experiments were carried out to isolate bacterial strains capable of solubilizing coal tailings for use in biofuel production from these byproduct wastes. Using enrichment in medium containing coal as sole carbon source, seven bacterial strains able to grow on coal hydrocarbons were isolated. ...
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Screening experiments were carried out to isolate bacterial strains capable of solubilizing coal tailings for use in biofuel production from these byproduct wastes. Using enrichment in medium containing coal as sole carbon source, seven bacterial strains able to grow on coal hydrocarbons were isolated. The bacterial consortium was then cultured in mineral salt liquid media containing 1% (w/v) hard coal or coal tailings and incubated for 15 days at 25 degree centigrade on an orbital shaker (150 rpm). Spectrophotometric analysis of supernatants resulted from centrifugation of cultures showed 1.475 increases in absorbance at 450 nm for coal tailing and 0.832 for hard coal, compared to blank lacking bacteria. Gravimetric measurements also performed wich confirmed the solubilization of coal by bacteria.
Original Articles
Behrouz Behrouzi Rad; Bahram Hasan Zadeh Kiabi
Volume 5, Issue 3 , April 2008
Abstract
Tiab and Kolahy estuaries are regarded as part of the Ramsar sites, that are located in the delta of Rud Shirin, Rud Shour and Minab River 37o 05' N 56o 50' E. The total area of the region is about 20000 ha. In this study, 96 species from 27 families of the birds of Iran were recognized at these wetlands.Fifty ...
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Tiab and Kolahy estuaries are regarded as part of the Ramsar sites, that are located in the delta of Rud Shirin, Rud Shour and Minab River 37o 05' N 56o 50' E. The total area of the region is about 20000 ha. In this study, 96 species from 27 families of the birds of Iran were recognized at these wetlands.Fifty seven species were waterbirds. Species of White and Dalmation Pelicans,Great Cormorant, Greazer Flamingo and some Gulls and Terns were counted monthly in this survey. All species were migrant birds. Density of birds population in Kolahy was 2/99 and in Tiab 3,00 per hectare. There was no significant statistical difference between populations and species diversity of any known species in both estuaries. The bird's population in both wetlands were maximum in winter and minimum in summer, from which 60% were Fish-eating, 35% omnivores and the remaining were Plankton-eater.Dalmation Pelican Pelecanus crispus, one of the threatened species observed in winter in both estuaries. Diversity of Sternidae with 9 species was more than the other bird family and Phoenicopterus ruber and Phalacrocorax carbo with one species werethe families with lowest bird species number.
