Advanced Environmental Sciences

Advanced Environmental Sciences

Application of calcium peroxide nano-powder in a bio-barrier for remediation of groundwater oil pollution

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Kamal Khodaei 1
Hamid Reza Nassery 2
Hadi Tabani 1
Zahra Kazemizadeh 1
1 Environmental Geology Department, Research Institute of Applied Sciences, ACECR, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Geology Department, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
10.29252/envs.18.2.151
Abstract
Introduction:
Groundwater pollution occurs during refining processes, transportation, storing, and distribution of oil products. Most of the oil components are insoluble in water, however, there are some components such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (known as BTEX) that are soluble in groundwater. These compounds are carcinomic and categorized as very dangerous pollutants. Permeable bio-barrier (PBB) technologies are extensively used to remove groundwater oil pollution. However, providing oxygen to improve the bioremediation efficiency in groundwater is a challenge. This research aimed to test the application of calcium peroxide nano-particles to provide more dissolved oxygen in a permeable bio-barrier. 
Material and methods:
Pseudomonas sp. BTEX-30 strain isolated from polluted groundwater around Tehran’s oil refining area was used to establish the permeable bio-barrier. Bioremediation kinetics and environmental conditions required for optimum bioremediation of bacteria were evaluated. Calcium peroxide nanoparticles have been synthesized and used for increasing the dissolved oxygen in groundwater. Bio-barrier was simulated using a glass column and Ottava sand as a porous media. The inflow rate was 0.5 ml/s with different toluene concentration for 14 days. Water samples from the inlet and outlet of the bio-barrier were taken during the test and analyzed using GC for defining the toluene concentration. Fate and transport processes in bio-barrier have been simulated by numerical models.
Results and discussion:
There were no significant differences in the toluene concentration between inlet and outlet on day one. Differences in toluene concentration between inlet and outlet started from day two. Bio-barrier showed a good response to increasing and decreasing in inlet concentration stresses after nine days. According to the results, PBB showed the best performance at 30 ppm concentration of inlet. The calculated concentration of toluene by the PBB numerical model showed a very good correlation in most stress periods.         
Conclusion:
PBB showed a very good performance for biodegradation of toluene by using calcium peroxide nanoparticles as an oxygen releasing compound.
Keywords
Groundwater bioremediation
Calcium peroxide
Permeable bio-barrier
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Advanced Environmental Sciences
Volume 18, Issue 2
Summer 2020
Pages 151-164