Assessing the severity of Tsunami effects on the environment using integrated GIS and remote sensing systems (Case study: Ishinomaki, Japan)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 km99Department of Structure & Earthquake, Faculty of Civil, Water & Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Research Center for Urban Safety and Security, Kobe University

3 Tarbiat Modares University

4 Department of Structure & Earthquake, Faculty of Civil, Water & Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Earthquakes have long been an integral part of human life. Since this natural phenomenon causes damage to humans and the environment, it is necessary to study and understand it. This natural phenomenon is known as a global problem, but it is not the same in America, Japan, Iran or any other country. The Tohoku earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011, is the largest earthquake (with Mw=9) in the history of Japan. Less than an hour after the earthquake, a tsunami hit the east coast of Japan. This tsunami affected an area of about 561 square kilometers and damaged more than 400,000 buildings. According to official reports, 15,850 people were killed, 6011 were injured and 3,287 were missing, 125,000 buildings were destroyed or damaged, 4.4 million buildings with a power outage, and 1.5 million buildings with water disruptions, causing huge damage to infrastructure and the country's environment has entered the eastern shore of Hashima Island, Japan
Material and methods: Considering the large amount of information needed for natural disaster management, it is clear that the use of visual interpretations cannot answer this large amount of calculations. For example, the number of reports related to damage to buildings after an earthquake or the damaged city and damaged environment in a tsunami may reach a thousand reports or more. Each of these reports should be reviewed separately to determine the degree of damage the structure under investigation had. In this study, based on the damage estimation map that was prepared using satellite data and images (Geoeye-1 satellite) before and after the crisis for this city, the amount of damage to structures such as buildings mentioned has been calculated to the pollution caused by them in the environment and non-structural areas such as Greenfield and the results have been compared with the data obtained from the field visit. In this study, according to the damage map and vulnerability estimation for the studied area, several parameters such as structural or non-structural, use, and severity of environmental damage have been considered.
Results and discussion: The results showed that the type of structural components has a significant effect on the failure. In addition to this, the remarkable point in this study is that the buildings that were located near the water were severely damaged. In this study, the existing Facilities for Agriculture, Forest, and Fishery in the investigated area are located at a close distance on the coastline and have suffered the most severe damage. On the other hand, Greenfield has suffered severe damage due to their low resistance to tsunami.
Conclusion: The purpose of this study is to use a method based on remote sensing. The use of this method in the prevention and preparedness stage of crisis management before the occurrence of natural disasters has high accuracy for quick planning. The lessons learned from the results will be very useful for researchers and managers in planning and stages of crisis management and reducing damages in future events.
Keywords: Tsunami, Earthquake, Disaster Management, Environment, Remote Sensing, GIS

Keywords

References

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Advanced Environmental Sciences
Volume 23, Issue 4
December 2026
Pages 863-878

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