Sajjad Rahimi-Moghaddam; Khosro Azizi; Hamed Eyni-Nargeseh; Seyed Ahmad Kalantar Ahmadi
Abstract
Introduction: Canola is one of the most important oilseed crops in overall the world. This oilseed crop is mainly utilized for its high oil content (with about 40–45% oil). However, in recent years, the area under cultivation of canola has got decreased due to water scarcity. Applying drought tolerant ...
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Introduction: Canola is one of the most important oilseed crops in overall the world. This oilseed crop is mainly utilized for its high oil content (with about 40–45% oil). However, in recent years, the area under cultivation of canola has got decreased due to water scarcity. Applying drought tolerant cultivars (Shirani Rad et al., 2013) with high water use efficiency can help to develop the area under cultivation of canola and increase canola production. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess the water use efficiency of spring canola cultivars in warm and temperate climates.Material and methods: This study investigated the different cultivars as a strategy for increasing canola production and improving its water use efficiency under different climate types in Khuzestan and Lorestan provinces. For this purpose, four locations including Khoramabad and Kuhdasht in Lorestan province as temperate semi-arid climate regions and Dezful, and Shushtar in Khuzestan province as hot and arid climate regions were selected. Daily long-term climatic data (included minimum and maximum temperatures, rainfall, and global radiation) were collected for these locations from Iran Meteorological Organization. In this study, Hyola308 (early-maturity), Hyola401 (mid-maturity), and RGS003 (late-maturity) cultivars were used. In order to simulate the growth and yield of canola in different locations APSIM-Canola model (Robertson and Lilley, 2016) was employed. OriginPro 9.1 software (Seifert, 2014) was considered for all statistical analyses and drawing of figures.Results and discussion: The results showed that grain yield, biomass, water use efficiency, grain weight, actual evapotranspiration, the average temperature during canola growth period, and the length of the canola growth period were substantially affected by cultivar and region (climate type). According to results, the highest grain yield and water use efficiency (3037 kg ha-1 and 6.9 kg mm-1 ha-1, respectively) were achieved for mid-maturity cultivar (Hyola401). Furthermore, simulation results revealed that temperate and semi-arid regions compared to hot and arid regions increased grain yield, biomass and water use efficiency by 2507 kg ha-1, 10100 kg ha-1, and 2.7 kg mm-1 ha-1, respectively. Khorramabad × Hyola401 treatment had the highest water use efficiency, grain yield, and biomass (9 kg mm-1 ha-1, 4954, and 17943 kg ha-1, respectively) due to lower the average temperature during canola growth period (10.9 ° C) and higher the length of the canola growth period (2424.9 day) while the lowest amount of these traits was recorded in Dezful × Hyola308 treatment (5 kg mm-1 ha-1, 1369, and 5514 kg ha-1, respectively).Conclusion: The results indicated that expanding of canola cultivation in temperate regions can be used to boost the canola production in Iran and to improve the sustainability of canola cultivation agroecosystems. Also, using a mid-maturity cultivar such as Hyola401 in both temperate and hot climate conditions can increase water use efficiency and sustainability of canola production agroecosystems through higher production per water consumption.
Azam Javanmard; Mahnaz Mazaheri Asadi; Mehran Kiani Rad
Volume 12, Issue 2 , July 2014
Abstract
Lignin and cellulose are the remarkable portions of plants biomass and agricultural wastes. In the wake of population growth and as a consequence of intensive agriculture activities and human food and other materials’ consumption, these compounds are becoming a burgeoning problem to our society ...
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Lignin and cellulose are the remarkable portions of plants biomass and agricultural wastes. In the wake of population growth and as a consequence of intensive agriculture activities and human food and other materials’ consumption, these compounds are becoming a burgeoning problem to our society and environment. However, microorganisms with the capability of biodegradation of such complex materials have not only an important role in prevention of spoilage of the wastes, but also the potential as good resource for production of high value, environmental friendly waste recycling and energy recovery. In this study, an evaluation was conducted using fungus Ganoderma sp. MM1987 growing on decomposing pulp of black tea with oak wood chips. Oak wood chips and black tea pulp are the two substrates which the various ratios of 1:1 to 4:1 of a mixture of them were tested, respectively. The most efficient and rapid formation cap growth was observed in the medium containing a 1:1 ratio. Mushroom growth curve on both substrates with a confidence p value <0.05 was obtained respectively. However, no significant difference was observed for mycelia growth in both substrates where the samples were identical using statistical weight ratio measurements. The 1:1 ratio of substrates can speed up the cap formation in a 44-day time scale. The optimum pHs for the production of fungal enzymes degrading lignin compounds were determined as 3.79 and 3.94 respectively. In conclusion, the results show that black tea residues with oak wood chips are appropriate substrates to be decomposed by Ganoderma sp. MM1987.
