Morteza Molaei; Mohammad Kavoosi Kelashemi; Hamed Rafiee
Volume 8, Issue 1 , October 2010
Abstract
More than half of the Greenhouse Effect is from carbon dioxide emissions. Emissions of carbon dioxide cause undesirable climatic and environmental effects and, finally, affect the global economy. Because of the importance of determining the economic impacts of increasing CO2 emissions, this study investigates ...
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More than half of the Greenhouse Effect is from carbon dioxide emissions. Emissions of carbon dioxide cause undesirable climatic and environmental effects and, finally, affect the global economy. Because of the importance of determining the economic impacts of increasing CO2 emissions, this study investigates the cointegration relationship between per capita Gross Domestic Production (GDP) and per capita CO2 emissions during 1974-2004 and also tests the existence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve for Carbon Dioxide during this period. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method and Error Correction Model (ECM) were used to study the cointegration relationship. Results indicated that in both short- and long-term period, a significant relationship exists between variables. On the other hand, the coefficient of error correction term was -0.19 and statistically significant. According to the results of the differential models between per capita GDP and per capita CO2 emission, Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 exists during this period. Keywords: Cointegration, ARDL, ECM, Environmental CO2, Kuznets Curve, Iran.
Mohammad Khodaverdizadeh; Babollah Hayati; Mohammad Kavoosi Kalashmi
Volume 5, Issue 4 , July 2008
Abstract
Kandovan village which is located at Osco region in East Azarbayjan province named as one of the important tourism and promenade zone of Iran due to its numerous natural places. Studying tourism value of this place could be useful in predicting needs, remove scarcities and development of tourism. The ...
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Kandovan village which is located at Osco region in East Azarbayjan province named as one of the important tourism and promenade zone of Iran due to its numerous natural places. Studying tourism value of this place could be useful in predicting needs, remove scarcities and development of tourism. The aim of this research is estimating the outdoor recreation value of Kandovan village with the use of contingent valuation method. For investigating effective variables on willingness to pay of individuals, logit model estimated with the use of maximum likelihood approach. Requested data set were obtained by completing questionnaires and interviewing with 180 individuals who visit mentioned village. Results revealed that 83 percents of individuals were ready for paying as a use of the mentioned village. Also, results showed that variables include education, village absorption, revenue and bid had a significant effect on probability of willingness to pay of individuals but variables include age, gender, family size were not statistically significant but had expected signs. Mean willingness to pay for each visitor per year was 3905 RLs and annual outdoor recreation value of Kandovan village was 1171500000 RLs.
