Hanieh Kazemi moayed; Mahdi jalili ghazizadeh khayat; Mostafa Panahi; Zahra Abedi; Hamid reza Ghafarzadeh
Abstract
Introduction: The sludge produced in the oil refinery is very harmful due to the significant volume and complexity of the compounds, and its reasonable disposal is very important for environmental protection and sustainable development. During the effluent treatment process in the oil refinery, contaminated ...
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Introduction: The sludge produced in the oil refinery is very harmful due to the significant volume and complexity of the compounds, and its reasonable disposal is very important for environmental protection and sustainable development. During the effluent treatment process in the oil refinery, contaminated industrial sludge containing toxic substances is produced, which contains polyaromatic hydrocarbon compounds and is classified in the group of hazardous wastes.Material and methods: In this study, the life cycle evaluation of disposal methods in two scenarios of landfill and incineration on industrial sludge of oil refinery in Iran has been investigated. Using life cycle assessment softwareand openLCA with CML-Baseline Impact Assessment Model, different environmental impact categories were examined and using weighting and dimensionless method of each effect class in the two defined scenarios, the best scenario has been identified in terms of the environment.Results and discussion: The results from 11 categories including acidification, climate change, reduction of abiotic resources, related to both fossil fuels and factors affecting final reserves, toxicity drinking water, seawater, and soil, eutrophication, human poisoning, ozone layer depletion, and photochemical oxidation have been evaluated. The results showed that the least environmental effects on indicators of human and plant species health are related to the landfill scenario. The sludge incineration scenario, which is sent directly to the incinerator, has been selected as the worse scenario with the highest emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen oxides into the environment.Conclusion: The results of dimension lessness in the two studied scenarios showed that Scenario 1 (Landfill) with a value of 2.94 × 10 -6 and Scenario 2 (waste incineration) with a number of 5.42 × 10 -6 had the most and the least destructive effect on the environment, respectively.
Ahmadreza Farzaneh; Maryam Mirabi; Mahdi Jalili Ghazizade; Maryam Abbasi
Abstract
Introduction: Pars Special Economic Energy Zone in Asaluyeh has several petrochemical units. These units produce a significant amount of different types of wastes) hazardous and non-hazardous (annually. Spent molecular sieve and catalyst wastes are the most important waste produced in petrochemical complexes. ...
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Introduction: Pars Special Economic Energy Zone in Asaluyeh has several petrochemical units. These units produce a significant amount of different types of wastes) hazardous and non-hazardous (annually. Spent molecular sieve and catalyst wastes are the most important waste produced in petrochemical complexes. Based on available statistics, in the next 25 years, annually an average of 3000 tons of spent molecular sieve and 2000 tons of catalyst waste will be produced in these areas. Because of the necessity of optimal management of industrial wastes, the primary objective of this study was to identify and classify these two types of waste products and then, to investigate the ability to recover these wastes and in particular the feasibility of using them in the manufacture of concrete. Material and methods: First, identification and classification of these two wastes was done using elemental analysis experiments, measurements of heavy metals and determination of organic compounds and compare them with the EPA toxicity standard. In order to assess the feasibility of using these two types of waste in the manufacture of concrete, concrete samples were made based on concrete mixing plan, which includes ways of replacing these two wastes with cement. The 7-day compressive strength measurement of the concrete and leakage toxicity analysis (TCLP) were also done in order to assess the feasibility of recycling these wastes from a technical and environmental point of view. Results and discussion: Both residues had two major combinations of Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and Aluminium oxide (Al2O3), which makes it possible to replace them with the cement in concrete. Based on the analysis of heavy metals, due to the significant amounts of Chromium (Cr) element in the spent molecular sieve (about 11ppm), this waste can be classified into industrial hazardous waste categories. Also, the analysis of organic compounds showed that the amounts of all organic compounds in these two types of waste are less than the standard amounts for hazardous waste. The results of the 7-day compressive strength measurement of the spent molecular sieve showed that using this waste in the manufacture of concrete improves the initial bonding of concrete, and this is due to the significant amounts of Al2O3 in this waste. So, replacing 10% of this waste can be considered as an optimal amount to increase the initial bonding of the concrete. However, the catalyst waste did not have a positive effect on the primary fix of the concrete. Finally, the TCLP analysis showed that the concretes made with these two wastes are classified as non-hazardous materials, which is due to the stabilizing properties of concrete. Conclusion: The preliminary study of spent molecular sieve and catalyst waste characteristics indicates that using these two types of waste in concrete production is feasible from a technical and environmental point of view. Therefore, we suggest that further tests need to be done.
Maryam Foroughedin; Mahdi Jalili Ghazizade; Maryam Mirabi; Mohammad Reza Nazari
Volume 15, Issue 4 , January 2018, , Pages 177-192
Abstract
Introduction: Liner is one of the most important components of waste landfills, which its main function is to limit the penetration of leachate caused by the waste from landfill base. Since the cost of a lining system is a significant part of landfill’s total cost, therefore, it is necessary ...
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Introduction: Liner is one of the most important components of waste landfills, which its main function is to limit the penetration of leachate caused by the waste from landfill base. Since the cost of a lining system is a significant part of landfill’s total cost, therefore, it is necessary to design the compacted clay liner with environmental and economic considerations in the same way, which requires identification of factors affecting the construction cost of clay liner. Materials and methods: For this purpose, using the performance-based approach, the factors affecting the technical design and hydraulic performance of clay liners in preventing leachate leakage, four variables include of trench height, trench lifespan, land price and distance from the soil loanl, have been identified as the variables affecting the cost of clay liner construction. Using the HYDRUS one-dimensional model, the appropriate liner thickness was determined in the scenarios of 30, 60,180,360,720 and 1080 days for the trench lifespan. Then by defining design scenarios based on the effective variables, the cost of different parts is estimated. Results and discussion: Investigating the cost variations shows that increasing the height of the trench in different parts leads to lower costs of construction.While changes in the cost of liner construction over the lifespan of the trench first had a downward trend and then incremental pattern.The variations in total cost is affected by land cost variations and indicates the importance of land prices in assessing the overall costs of constructing the liner. Also an increase in the distance from the loan increases the cost of liner construction significantly, and if the suitable soil for lining to be located more than 100 km from the site, then the use of Geosynthetic clay liners is more cost-effective. The trench life time as a variable with less design constraint, can be considered depending on the cost of other parts. Conclution: Investigating costs in different parts of compacted clay liner construction shows the necessity of economic modeling and creation of cost functions for optimal design of compacted clay liners in every area.
Zeynab Golhosseini; Mahdi Jalili Ghazizade; Seyed Hossein Hashemi
Volume 14, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 81-90
Abstract
Bottom sludge generated in evaporation ponds is one of the most important wastes in combined cycle power plants. Since previous studies show that wastewater incoming to evaporation ponds contains various contaminants, so the settled sludge can be mentioned as a hazardous waste. Waste characterization ...
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Bottom sludge generated in evaporation ponds is one of the most important wastes in combined cycle power plants. Since previous studies show that wastewater incoming to evaporation ponds contains various contaminants, so the settled sludge can be mentioned as a hazardous waste. Waste characterization showed high concentration of heavy metals (i.e. Lead and Chromium) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the generated sludge. Regarding to classification criteria of the Basel Convention and other international instructions (such as EPA) revealed this waste can be categorized as a hazardous waste. Then all possible methods for sludge management was evaluated based on technical, economic and environmental aspects and land disposal was selected as preferred method. Finally various scenarios including landfill and surface impoundment were considered. To avoiding penetration of contaminants to the environment, IWEM model was used to design of bottom lining system where different environmental scenarios and leakage concentrations was evaluated.
