Impact of magnetized salt water on the essential nutrient uptake by maize

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Agroecology, Environmental Science Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Introduction:
A growing population demands more food and water; with the reduction of conventional water resources, it will be essential to increase the efficiency of nutrient use in conventional systems. Iran is located in the mid-latitude belt of arid and semi-arid regions of the Earth and such arid and semi-arid regions cover more than 60% of the country. As a result, water is the most important limiting factor for biological and agricultural activities and the use of unconventional water in agriculture is inevitable and important under our country's conditions. Unconventional waters are not directly usable and must be adapted for use, including the removal of biological contamination, heavy metals, salinity and pH amendment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of magnetic water on the essential nutrients uptake by maize (Zea mays) in saline conditions. 
Materials and methods:
Magnetic water was supplied by a magnetic device with an electromagnetic field intensity varying from 8 to 10 mT. The experimental design was two factors factorial (2x3) arranged in a randomized complete block design. The combinations of the treatments were at two levels of water - non-magnetic (normal) and magnetic - and three levels of salinity (800, 1300 and 2100 ppm NaCl) with three replications. Soil physicochemical properties including texture, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, pH, nitrate, sulfate, chlorine, phosphorous, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, and soluble and exchangeable calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium, as well as elements present in the plant, including total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese and copper, were all measured using standard methods.
 Results and discussion:
The results of chemical water analysis showed that the electromagnetic field had no significant effect on its chemical properties. Regarding soil properties before and after harvest, magnetic water had a significant effect on soluble and exchangeable sodium, chlorine, calcium and magnesium. The results, also showed that with increasing salinity, macronutrients uptake and protein percentage were reduced, while micronutrient uptake and sodium levels increased; moreover, comparisons of treatment means showed that magnetic treatment increased uptake of all the nutrients and the protein percentage in leaves and seeds of maize plants, but no significant changes were observed in their roots and shoots. The results showed that magnetic water reduces sodium accumulation and its destructive effects on the reproductive organs of maize plant. Due to the accumulation of sodium in roots and stems, the plant's resistance to salt stress increased. 
Conclusion:
Due to the poor water quality in the agricultural section, it appears that utilization of magnetic water in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran can lead to improved yield and water productivity; therefore, it is recommended that further research be undertaken in this areas.

Keywords

References

  1. Abbas, M.A., Younis, M.E. and Shukry, W.M., 1991. Plant growth, metabolism and adaptation in relation to stress conditions: XIV. Effect of salinity on the internal solute concentrations in Phaseolus vulgaris. Journal of Plant Physiology. 138(6), 722-727.
  2. Ahamed, M.E.M., Elzaawely, A.A. and Bayoumi, Y.A., 2013. Effect of magnetic field on seed germination, growth and yield of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Asian Journal of Crop Science. 5(3), 286-294.
  3. Ahmad Aali, K., Liaghat, A. and Dehghanisanij, H., 2009. The effect of acidification and magnetic field on emitter clogging under saline water application. Journal of Agricultural Science. 1(1), 132-141.
  4. Alikamanoglu, S. and Sen, A., 2011. Stimulation of growth and some biochemical parameters by magnetic field in wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) tissue cultures. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(53), 10957-10963.
  5. Algozari, H. and Yao, A., 2006. Effect of the magnetizing of water and fertilizers on the some chemical parameters of soil and growth of maize. MS.c. Thesis. University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
  6. Al-Khazan, M., Mohamed Abdullatif., B. and Al-Assaf N., 2011. Effects of magnetically treated water on water status, chlorophyll pigments and some elements content of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis L.) at different growth stages. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 5(9), 722-731.
  7. Anonymous, 2003. The health benefits of magnetic water. Life Sources Inc., California, 1-13.
  8. Assimakopoulos, D., Oshri, I. and Pandza, K., 2015. Managing Emerging Technologies for Socio-Economic Impact. Cheltenham: E. Elgar.
  9. Benton Jones Jr, J., 2001. Laboratory guide for conducting soil tests and plant analysis. CRC Press LLC.
  10. Cataldo, D.A., Maroon, M., Schrader, L.E., and Youngs, V.L., 1975. Rapid colorimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of salicylic acid. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 6(1): 71-80.
  11. Donald, L.S., 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part III. Chemical Methods, ASA. SA, Madison, WI, pp: 961-1010.
  12. El Sayed, H.A., and El Sayed, A., 2014. Impact of magnetic water irrigation for improve the growth, chemical composition and yield production of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) plant. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 4(4): 476-496.
  13. Evelyn, J.L.T., Ramalho, T.C., and Magriotis, Z.M., 2008. Influence of magnetic field on physical–chemical properties of the liquid water: Insights from experimental and theoretical models. Journal of Molecular Structure, 888: 409-415.
  14. Gama, P.B.S., Inanaga, S., Tanaka, K., and Nakazawa, R., 2007. Physiological response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings to salinity stress. African Journal of Biotechnology. 6, 79-88.
  15. Grewal, H.S., and Maheshwar, B.L., 2011. Magnetic treatment of irrigation water and snow pea and chickpea seeds enhances early growth and nutrient contents of seedlings. Journal of. Bioelectromagnet, 32: 58-65.
  16. Gupta, P.K. (2009). Soil, plant, water and fertilizer analysis. College of Agriculture, Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner.
  17. Jeschke, W.D., and Pate, J.S., 1991. Cation and chloride partitioning through xylem and phloem within the whole plant of Ricinus communis L. under conditions of salt stress. Journal of Experimental Botany, 42: 1105-1116.
  18. Karimi, S., Hojat, S., Eshghi, S., and Rahimi, N.M., 2012. Magnetic exposure improves tolerance of ï‌g Sabz explants to drought stress induced in vitro. Scientia Horticulturae, 137: 95-99.
  19. Li, S.Q., Wang, M.F., Zhu, Z.A., Wang, Q., Zhang, X., Song, H.Q., and Cong, D.Q., 2012. Application of superconducting HGMS technology on turbid wastewater treatment from convertor. Journal ofSeparation and Purification Technology, 84: 56-62.
  20. Lipus, L., Krope, J., and Crepinsek, L., 2001. Dispersion destabilization in magnetic water treatment. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 236, 60-66.
  21. Maheshwari, B.L., and Grewal, H.S., 2009. Magnetic treatment of irrigation water: Its effects on vegetable crop yield and water productivity. Agricultural Water Management Journal. 96, 1229-1236.
  22. McMahon, C.A., 2009. Investigation of the quality of water treated by magnetic fields. Dissertation. University of Southern Queensland Faculty of Engineering and Surveying. Ph.D. dissertation.
  23. Modarres, R., and da Silva, V., 2007. Rainfall trends in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Journal of Arid Environments, 70: 344-355.
  24. Mohamed, A.I., 2013. Effects of magnetized low quality water on some soil properties and plant growth. International Journal of Research in Chemistry and Environment, 3(2): 140-147.
  25. Mohamed, A.I., and Ebead, B.M. (2013). Effect of irrigation with magnetically treated water on faba bean growth and composition. International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research, 1(2): 024-040.
  26. Nave, C.L., 2008. Magnetic Properties of Solids. Hyper Physics, 15: 11-23.
  27. Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., and Keeney, D.R., 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part II, Physical properties, ASA, SA, Madison, WI.
  28. Patil, N.M., 2012. Adaptation in response to salinity in safflower Cv. Bhima. Asian Journal of Crop Science, 4(2): 50-62.
  29. Sadeghipour, O., and Aghaei, P., 2013. Improving the growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) by magnetized water. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 3(1): 37-43.
  30. Schwierz, N., Horinek, D., and Netz, R.R., 2010. Reversed anionic hofmeister series: The interplay of surface chargeand surface polarity. Langmuir, 26(10): 7370-7379.
  31. Selim, M.M., 2008. Application of magnetic technologies in correcting underground brackish water for irrigation in arid and semi-arid ecosystem. The 3rd International Conference on Water Resources and Arid Environments, and the 1st Arab water Forum, pp: 11-21.
  32. Sueda, M., Katsuki, A., Nonomura, M., Kobayashi, R., and Tanimoto, Y., 2007. Effects of high magnetic field on water surface phenomena. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 111,14389-14393.
  33. Yasar, F., Uzal, O., Tufenkci, S., and Yildiz, K., 2006. Ion accumulation in different organs of green bean genotypes grown under salt stress. Plant, Soil and Environment, 52:476-480.
Environmental Sciences
Volume 16, Issue 2
July 2018
Pages 217-232

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics