Optimization and modification of urban transportation network of Qom with environmental considerations using genetic algorithms and GIS

Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی

Authors

1 MSc in Environment, Faculty ofAgriculture and Natural Resources, University of Arak

2 Associate Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Arak

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer, Faculty of Engineering, University of Arak

Abstract

Introduction: Transportation in cities has always been a matter of interest to people. However, following the Industrial Revolution, the unprecedented increase in urbanization and the emergence of various means of transportation, the importance of transportation is greater than ever before. Today, transportation is one of the most important and influential infrastructures and it allows for the development of society while, at the same time, it is under the influence of development; this is the reason why managers and city planners pay close attention to transportation. Despite the focus of transportation planners on accessibility and other dynamic aspects of urban transportation, however, the side effects on the environment have been severely neglected. Stable transportation has economic, social, and environmental factors and stability is achieved by considering all these factors simultaneously. The city of Qom, as an important city for religion and tourism, needs to organize and manage it in a way that does not conflict with other developments or the environment.Materials and methods: In order to achieve this, after studying the sources the environmental indicators relating to transportation were found and five important indicators identified. Rating these indicators was done according to location and with GIS mapping of Qom's transportation systems and expert opinions. In order to do this, the map of Qom was entered into a grid and indicators in each grid cell were evaluated separately. The final status of each cell was specified using MATLAB software and a genetic algorithm.Results and discussion: To be able to achieve an optimal environment requires changes in the road network or changes in user locations that are more sensitive to the pollution caused by transport. The results showed that 30% of grid cells were in a bad condition, 30% in an average condition and 40% in a good condition from the point of view of their environmental situation.Conclusion: The results for the transport network demonstrated that it can be well optimized and the map shows that transfer of a part of the users, especially in residential areas in the area around the city and with less pollution, resulted in marked changes in the proportion of grid cells. As a consequence, the majority of cells with a score of 3 points (bad) to 1 (good) would change their status so that only 10% of the cells would then be placed in a bad condition in terms of the environment. Thus, transfer of a part of the users from downtown to surrounding areas would be a good strategy for reducing the impacts of pollution from transport.

Keywords

References

  1. فصلنامه علوم محیطی، دوره چهاردهم، شماره 4، زمستان 1395
  2. -91
  3. بهینه‌سازی شبکه حمل‌ونقل درون‌شهری قم از لحاظ زیست‌محیطی به کمک الگوریتم ژنتیک و GIS
  4. مرضیه میرزاآقایی1، مهرداد هادی‌پور1 و محسن رحمانی2
  5. گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران
  6. گروه کامپیوتر، دانشکده فنی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران
  7. تاریخ دریافت: 5/4/95 تاریخ پذیرش: 17/9/95
  8. میرزا آقایی، م.، م. هادی پور و م. رحمانی. 1395. بهینه‌سازی شبکه حمل‌ونقل درون‌شهری قم از لحاظ زیست‌محیطی به کمک الگوریتم ژنتیک و GIS. فصلنامه علوم محیطی 14 (4): 91-104.
  9. سابقه و هدف: امروزه حمل‌ونقل به عنوان یکی از زیرساخت‌های مهم و اثرگذار و به‌صورت همزمان زمینه‌ساز توسعه و اثرپذیر از توسعه بوده و این موضوع سبب توجه مدیران و برنامه‌ریزان به مقوله حمل‌ونقل شده است. اما با توجه به تمرکز برنامه‌ریزان حمل‌ونقل بر دسترسی‌ها و سایر جنبه‌های دینامکی حمل‌ونقل شهری، عوارض زیست‌محیطی آن به‌شدت مورد بی‌توجهی واقع شده است. شهر قم به عنوان یک کلان‌شهر مهم و مذهبی-توریستی مستلزم به‌کارگیری روشی کارا برای ساماندهی و مدیریت حمل‌ونقل است روشی که با سایر بخش‌های توسعه و بخصوص محیط‌زیست در تضاد نباشد.
  10. مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق پس از مطالعه منابع، شاخص‌های محیط‌زیستی مرتبط با حمل‌ونقل شناسایی شده و 5 شاخص مهم تعیین شد سپس این شاخص‌ها به‌صورت مکان‌مند و با استفاده از نقشه‌های GIS شبکه حمل‌ونقل و کاربری‌های شهر قم و با نظرات کارشناسی امتیازدهی شده است. برای تعیین وضعیت نهایی هر سلول، نتایج حاصل از GIS وارد نرم‌افزارMATLAB شده و با روش الگوریتم ژنتیک نتایج حاصل شده است.
  11. نتایج و بحث: دستیابی به وضعیت بهینه از لحاظ زیست‌محیطی مستلزم ایجاد تغییرات در شبکه راه‌ها و یا تغییر مکان کاربری-‌هایی است که به لحاظ آلودگی‌های ناشی از حمل‌ونقل حساسیت بالاتری دارند، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که 30 درصد سلول‌های شبکه از لحاظ زیست محیطی در وضعیت نامناسب، 30 درصد در وضعیت تناسب میانه و 40 درصد در وضعیت مناسب قرار دارند.
  12. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایجی که از نقشه بهینه شبکه حمل‌ونقل استنباط می‌شود به خوبی نشان می‌دهد که با انتقال بخشی از کاربری‌ها به‌ویژه مناطق مسکونی به نواحی اطراف شهر و با آلودگی کمتر تغییرات محسوسی در وضعیت تناسب سلول‌های شبکه ایجاد می‌شود به‌طوری‌که بیشتر سلول‌های با امتیاز 3 (نامناسب) به امتیاز 1 (مناسب) تغییر وضعیت می‌دهند، و فقط 10درصد از سلول‌ها در وضعیت نامناسب از لحاظ زیست‌محیطی قرار می‌گیرند. بنابراین انتقال بخشی از کاربری‌ها از مرکز شهر به نواحی اطراف، راهکار مناسبی برای کاهش تاثیرات آلودگی‌های ناشی از حمل‌ونقل خواهد بود.
  13. واژه‌های کلیدی: حمل‌ونقل، شاخص‌های محیط‌زیستی، الگوریتم ژنتیک، GIS.
  14. منابع
  15. Alloway, B. J., 1990. Heavy metals in soils: Lead. Blackie and Glasgow.Ltd.London. UK.
  16. Brondtland, H.G., 1993. Sustainable Development: An overview. Development (Journal of SID). 2(3), 1-11.
  17. Chen, H., Lena, Q., Gao, B., and Cheng, G., 2013 .Influence of Cu and Ca cations on ciprofloxacin transport in saturated porous media. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 262, 805-811.
  18. Clark, C., 1957. Transport: maker and breaker of cities. Town planning review. 28, 237-250.
  19. Clos, J., 2013. Planning and Design for Sustainable Urban Mobility. United Nations Human Settlements Programme.
  20. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 2014. The latest report on the situation of noise pollution in the capital.
  21. Glover, D.E., 1987. Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing. Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, CA.USA.
  22. Hadipour, M. and Pourebrahim, Sh., 2012. Locating residential areas in urban transport planning using GIS and modeling of air pollution. Journal of Environmental Studies. 59, 135-148. (In Persian with English abstract).
  23. Hadipour, M. and Pourebrahim, S., 2013. Arak environmental management, urban transport to help reduce fuel consumption in routing the perfect model using GIS. Transportation Engineering. 16, 407-418. (In Persian with English abstract).
  24. Jafari, M., Karamrudy, M., Shiraz Amini, H., 2011. A Model for assessing the benchmark index for measuring sustainable urban transport planning and integrated management. In Proceedings of the first international conference of urban management sustainable development technology research center of Sharif University, Tehran.(In Persian with English abstract).
  25. Litman, T., 2003. Sustainable transportation indicators. Victoria Transport Policy Institute (VTPI). Canada.
  26. Nicolett, G., Arcuri, N., Nicoletti, G. and Bruno, N., 2015. A technical and environmental
  27. comparison between hydrogen and some fossil fuels, EnergyConversion and Management. 89, 205-213.
  28. OECD (Organization for Economic, Cooperation and Development), 2002. Guidelines towards Environmentally Sustainable Transport.
  29. Rodringue, J., 2014. Pollutants Emitted by Transport Systems (Air, Water and Noise). Department of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University, New York, USA.
  30. Saaty, T., 2009. The Analytical Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation, RWS publisher, USA.
  31. Schipper, L. Fabian, H. and Leather, J. (2009). “Transport and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Forecasts, Options Analysis and Evaluation”. ADB Sustainable Development Working Paper Series, No. 9, pp. 1-7.
  32. Shahi, G. and Dousti. S., 2006. Global environmental policy on urban transport and redeploying it in Iran. In Proceedings of second seminar on construction in Tehran University, Iran. (In Persian with English abstract).
  33. Environmental Sciences Vol.14 / No.4 / Winter 2017
  34. -104
  35. Optimization and modification of urban transportation network of Qom with environmental considerations using genetic algorithms and GIS
  36. Marziyeh Mirzaaghaei1, Mehrdad Hadipour2 and Mohsen Rahmani3
  37. MSc in Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Arak
  38. Associate Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Arak
  39. Assistant Professor, Department of Computer, Faculty of Engineering, University of Arak
  40. Received: June 25, 2016 Accepted: December 7, 2016
  41. Mirzaaghaei, M., Hadipour, M. and Rahmani, M., 2017. Optimization and modification of urban transportation network of Qom with environmental considerations using genetic algorithms and GIS. Environmental Sciences. 14(4), 91-104.
  42. Introduction: Transportation in cities has always been a matter of interest to people. However, following the Industrial Revolution, the unprecedented increase in urbanization and the emergence of various means of transportation, the importance of transportation is greater than ever before. Today, transportation is one of the most important and influential infrastructures and it allows for the development of society while, at the same time, it is under the influence of development; this is the reason why managers and city planners pay close attention to transportation. Despite the focus of transportation planners on accessibility and other dynamic aspects of urban transportation, however, the side effects on the environment have been severely neglected. Stable transportation has economic, social, and environmental factors and stability is achieved by considering all these factors simultaneously. The city of Qom, as an important city for religion and tourism, needs to organize and manage it in a way that does not conflict with other developments or the environment.
  43. Materials and methods: In order to achieve this, after studying the sources the environmental indicators relating to transportation were found and five important indicators identified. Rating these indicators was done according to location and with GIS mapping of Qom's transportation systems and expert opinions. In order to do this, the map of Qom was entered into a grid and indicators in each grid cell were evaluated separately. The final status of each cell was specified using MATLAB software and a genetic algorithm.
  44. Results and discussion: To be able to achieve an optimal environment requires changes in the road network or changes in user locations that are more sensitive to the pollution caused by transport. The results showed that 30% of grid cells were in a bad condition, 30% in an average condition and 40% in a good condition from the point of view of their environmental situation.
  45. Conclusion: The results for the transport network demonstrated that it can be well optimized and the map shows that transfer of a part of the users, especially in residential areas in the area around the city and with less pollution, resulted in marked changes in the proportion of grid cells. As a consequence, the majority of cells with a score of 3 points (bad) to 1 (good) would change their status so that only 10% of the cells would then be placed in a bad condition in terms of the environment. Thus, transfer of a part of the users from downtown to surrounding areas would be a good strategy for reducing the impacts of pollution from transport.
  46. Keywords: Transportation, Environmental factors, Genetic algorithms, GIS.
  47. فصلنامه علوم محیطی، دوره چهاردهم، شماره 4، زمستان 1395
  48. -91
  49. بهینه‌سازی شبکه حمل‌ونقل درون‌شهری قم از لحاظ زیست‌محیطی به کمک الگوریتم ژنتیک و GIS
  50. مرضیه میرزاآقایی1، مهرداد هادی‌پور1 و محسن رحمانی2
  51. گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران
  52. گروه کامپیوتر، دانشکده فنی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران
  53. تاریخ دریافت: 5/4/95 تاریخ پذیرش: 17/9/95
  54. میرزا آقایی، م.، م. هادی پور و م. رحمانی. 1395. بهینه‌سازی شبکه حمل‌ونقل درون‌شهری قم از لحاظ زیست‌محیطی به کمک الگوریتم ژنتیک و GIS. فصلنامه علوم محیطی 14 (4): 91-104.
  55. سابقه و هدف: امروزه حمل‌ونقل به عنوان یکی از زیرساخت‌های مهم و اثرگذار و به‌صورت همزمان زمینه‌ساز توسعه و اثرپذیر از توسعه بوده و این موضوع سبب توجه مدیران و برنامه‌ریزان به مقوله حمل‌ونقل شده است. اما با توجه به تمرکز برنامه‌ریزان حمل‌ونقل بر دسترسی‌ها و سایر جنبه‌های دینامکی حمل‌ونقل شهری، عوارض زیست‌محیطی آن به‌شدت مورد بی‌توجهی واقع شده است. شهر قم به عنوان یک کلان‌شهر مهم و مذهبی-توریستی مستلزم به‌کارگیری روشی کارا برای ساماندهی و مدیریت حمل‌ونقل است روشی که با سایر بخش‌های توسعه و بخصوص محیط‌زیست در تضاد نباشد.
  56. مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق پس از مطالعه منابع، شاخص‌های محیط‌زیستی مرتبط با حمل‌ونقل شناسایی شده و 5 شاخص مهم تعیین شد سپس این شاخص‌ها به‌صورت مکان‌مند و با استفاده از نقشه‌های GIS شبکه حمل‌ونقل و کاربری‌های شهر قم و با نظرات کارشناسی امتیازدهی شده است. برای تعیین وضعیت نهایی هر سلول، نتایج حاصل از GIS وارد نرم‌افزارMATLAB شده و با روش الگوریتم ژنتیک نتایج حاصل شده است.
  57. نتایج و بحث: دستیابی به وضعیت بهینه از لحاظ زیست‌محیطی مستلزم ایجاد تغییرات در شبکه راه‌ها و یا تغییر مکان کاربری-‌هایی است که به لحاظ آلودگی‌های ناشی از حمل‌ونقل حساسیت بالاتری دارند، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که 30 درصد سلول‌های شبکه از لحاظ زیست محیطی در وضعیت نامناسب، 30 درصد در وضعیت تناسب میانه و 40 درصد در وضعیت مناسب قرار دارند.
  58. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایجی که از نقشه بهینه شبکه حمل‌ونقل استنباط می‌شود به خوبی نشان می‌دهد که با انتقال بخشی از کاربری‌ها به‌ویژه مناطق مسکونی به نواحی اطراف شهر و با آلودگی کمتر تغییرات محسوسی در وضعیت تناسب سلول‌های شبکه ایجاد می‌شود به‌طوری‌که بیشتر سلول‌های با امتیاز 3 (نامناسب) به امتیاز 1 (مناسب) تغییر وضعیت می‌دهند، و فقط 10درصد از سلول‌ها در وضعیت نامناسب از لحاظ زیست‌محیطی قرار می‌گیرند. بنابراین انتقال بخشی از کاربری‌ها از مرکز شهر به نواحی اطراف، راهکار مناسبی برای کاهش تاثیرات آلودگی‌های ناشی از حمل‌ونقل خواهد بود.
  59. واژه‌های کلیدی: حمل‌ونقل، شاخص‌های محیط‌زیستی، الگوریتم ژنتیک، GIS.
  60. منابع
  61. Alloway, B. J., 1990. Heavy metals in soils: Lead. Blackie and Glasgow.Ltd.London. UK.
  62. Brondtland, H.G., 1993. Sustainable Development: An overview. Development (Journal of SID). 2(3), 1-11.
  63. Chen, H., Lena, Q., Gao, B., and Cheng, G., 2013 .Influence of Cu and Ca cations on ciprofloxacin transport in saturated porous media. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 262, 805-811.
  64. Clark, C., 1957. Transport: maker and breaker of cities. Town planning review. 28, 237-250.
  65. Clos, J., 2013. Planning and Design for Sustainable Urban Mobility. United Nations Human Settlements Programme.
  66. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 2014. The latest report on the situation of noise pollution in the capital.
  67. Glover, D.E., 1987. Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing. Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, CA.USA.
  68. Hadipour, M. and Pourebrahim, Sh., 2012. Locating residential areas in urban transport planning using GIS and modeling of air pollution. Journal of Environmental Studies. 59, 135-148. (In Persian with English abstract).
  69. Hadipour, M. and Pourebrahim, S., 2013. Arak environmental management, urban transport to help reduce fuel consumption in routing the perfect model using GIS. Transportation Engineering. 16, 407-418. (In Persian with English abstract).
  70. Jafari, M., Karamrudy, M., Shiraz Amini, H., 2011. A Model for assessing the benchmark index for measuring sustainable urban transport planning and integrated management. In Proceedings of the first international conference of urban management sustainable development technology research center of Sharif University, Tehran.(In Persian with English abstract).
  71. Litman, T., 2003. Sustainable transportation indicators. Victoria Transport Policy Institute (VTPI). Canada.
  72. Nicolett, G., Arcuri, N., Nicoletti, G. and Bruno, N., 2015. A technical and environmental
  73. comparison between hydrogen and some fossil fuels, EnergyConversion and Management. 89, 205-213.
  74. OECD (Organization for Economic, Cooperation and Development), 2002. Guidelines towards Environmentally Sustainable Transport.
  75. Rodringue, J., 2014. Pollutants Emitted by Transport Systems (Air, Water and Noise). Department of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University, New York, USA.
  76. Saaty, T., 2009. The Analytical Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation, RWS publisher, USA.
  77. Schipper, L. Fabian, H. and Leather, J. (2009). “Transport and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Forecasts, Options Analysis and Evaluation”. ADB Sustainable Development Working Paper Series, No. 9, pp. 1-7.
  78. Shahi, G. and Dousti. S., 2006. Global environmental policy on urban transport and redeploying it in Iran. In Proceedings of second seminar on construction in Tehran University, Iran. (In Persian with English abstract).
  79. Environmental Sciences Vol.14 / No.4 / Winter 2017
  80. -104
  81. Optimization and modification of urban transportation network of Qom with environmental considerations using genetic algorithms and GIS
  82. Marziyeh Mirzaaghaei1, Mehrdad Hadipour2 and Mohsen Rahmani3
  83. MSc in Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Arak
  84. Associate Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Arak
  85. Assistant Professor, Department of Computer, Faculty of Engineering, University of Arak
  86. Received: June 25, 2016 Accepted: December 7, 2016
  87. Mirzaaghaei, M., Hadipour, M. and Rahmani, M., 2017. Optimization and modification of urban transportation network of Qom with environmental considerations using genetic algorithms and GIS. Environmental Sciences. 14(4), 91-104.
  88. Introduction: Transportation in cities has always been a matter of interest to people. However, following the Industrial Revolution, the unprecedented increase in urbanization and the emergence of various means of transportation, the importance of transportation is greater than ever before. Today, transportation is one of the most important and influential infrastructures and it allows for the development of society while, at the same time, it is under the influence of development; this is the reason why managers and city planners pay close attention to transportation. Despite the focus of transportation planners on accessibility and other dynamic aspects of urban transportation, however, the side effects on the environment have been severely neglected. Stable transportation has economic, social, and environmental factors and stability is achieved by considering all these factors simultaneously. The city of Qom, as an important city for religion and tourism, needs to organize and manage it in a way that does not conflict with other developments or the environment.
  89. Materials and methods: In order to achieve this, after studying the sources the environmental indicators relating to transportation were found and five important indicators identified. Rating these indicators was done according to location and with GIS mapping of Qom's transportation systems and expert opinions. In order to do this, the map of Qom was entered into a grid and indicators in each grid cell were evaluated separately. The final status of each cell was specified using MATLAB software and a genetic algorithm.
  90. Results and discussion: To be able to achieve an optimal environment requires changes in the road network or changes in user locations that are more sensitive to the pollution caused by transport. The results showed that 30% of grid cells were in a bad condition, 30% in an average condition and 40% in a good condition from the point of view of their environmental situation.
  91. Conclusion: The results for the transport network demonstrated that it can be well optimized and the map shows that transfer of a part of the users, especially in residential areas in the area around the city and with less pollution, resulted in marked changes in the proportion of grid cells. As a consequence, the majority of cells with a score of 3 points (bad) to 1 (good) would change their status so that only 10% of the cells would then be placed in a bad condition in terms of the environment. Thus, transfer of a part of the users from downtown to surrounding areas would be a good strategy for reducing the impacts of pollution from transport.
  92. Keywords: Transportation, Environmental factors, Genetic algorithms, GIS.
  93. فصلنامه علوم محیطی، دوره چهاردهم، شماره 4، زمستان 1395
  94. -91
  95. بهینه‌سازی شبکه حمل‌ونقل درون‌شهری قم از لحاظ زیست‌محیطی به کمک الگوریتم ژنتیک و GIS
  96. مرضیه میرزاآقایی1، مهرداد هادی‌پور1 و محسن رحمانی2
  97. گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران
  98. گروه کامپیوتر، دانشکده فنی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران
  99. تاریخ دریافت: 5/4/95 تاریخ پذیرش: 17/9/95
  100. میرزا آقایی، م.، م. هادی پور و م. رحمانی. 1395. بهینه‌سازی شبکه حمل‌ونقل درون‌شهری قم از لحاظ زیست‌محیطی به کمک الگوریتم ژنتیک و GIS. فصلنامه علوم محیطی 14 (4): 91-104.
  101. سابقه و هدف: امروزه حمل‌ونقل به عنوان یکی از زیرساخت‌های مهم و اثرگذار و به‌صورت همزمان زمینه‌ساز توسعه و اثرپذیر از توسعه بوده و این موضوع سبب توجه مدیران و برنامه‌ریزان به مقوله حمل‌ونقل شده است. اما با توجه به تمرکز برنامه‌ریزان حمل‌ونقل بر دسترسی‌ها و سایر جنبه‌های دینامکی حمل‌ونقل شهری، عوارض زیست‌محیطی آن به‌شدت مورد بی‌توجهی واقع شده است. شهر قم به عنوان یک کلان‌شهر مهم و مذهبی-توریستی مستلزم به‌کارگیری روشی کارا برای ساماندهی و مدیریت حمل‌ونقل است روشی که با سایر بخش‌های توسعه و بخصوص محیط‌زیست در تضاد نباشد.
  102. مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق پس از مطالعه منابع، شاخص‌های محیط‌زیستی مرتبط با حمل‌ونقل شناسایی شده و 5 شاخص مهم تعیین شد سپس این شاخص‌ها به‌صورت مکان‌مند و با استفاده از نقشه‌های GIS شبکه حمل‌ونقل و کاربری‌های شهر قم و با نظرات کارشناسی امتیازدهی شده است. برای تعیین وضعیت نهایی هر سلول، نتایج حاصل از GIS وارد نرم‌افزارMATLAB شده و با روش الگوریتم ژنتیک نتایج حاصل شده است.
  103. نتایج و بحث: دستیابی به وضعیت بهینه از لحاظ زیست‌محیطی مستلزم ایجاد تغییرات در شبکه راه‌ها و یا تغییر مکان کاربری-‌هایی است که به لحاظ آلودگی‌های ناشی از حمل‌ونقل حساسیت بالاتری دارند، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که 30 درصد سلول‌های شبکه از لحاظ زیست محیطی در وضعیت نامناسب، 30 درصد در وضعیت تناسب میانه و 40 درصد در وضعیت مناسب قرار دارند.
  104. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایجی که از نقشه بهینه شبکه حمل‌ونقل استنباط می‌شود به خوبی نشان می‌دهد که با انتقال بخشی از کاربری‌ها به‌ویژه مناطق مسکونی به نواحی اطراف شهر و با آلودگی کمتر تغییرات محسوسی در وضعیت تناسب سلول‌های شبکه ایجاد می‌شود به‌طوری‌که بیشتر سلول‌های با امتیاز 3 (نامناسب) به امتیاز 1 (مناسب) تغییر وضعیت می‌دهند، و فقط 10درصد از سلول‌ها در وضعیت نامناسب از لحاظ زیست‌محیطی قرار می‌گیرند. بنابراین انتقال بخشی از کاربری‌ها از مرکز شهر به نواحی اطراف، راهکار مناسبی برای کاهش تاثیرات آلودگی‌های ناشی از حمل‌ونقل خواهد بود.
  105. واژه‌های کلیدی: حمل‌ونقل، شاخص‌های محیط‌زیستی، الگوریتم ژنتیک، GIS.
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  125. Environmental Sciences Vol.14 / No.4 / Winter 2017
  126. -104
  127. Optimization and modification of urban transportation network of Qom with environmental considerations using genetic algorithms and GIS
  128. Marziyeh Mirzaaghaei1, Mehrdad Hadipour2 and Mohsen Rahmani3
  129. MSc in Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Arak
  130. Associate Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Arak
  131. Assistant Professor, Department of Computer, Faculty of Engineering, University of Arak
  132. Received: June 25, 2016 Accepted: December 7, 2016
  133. Mirzaaghaei, M., Hadipour, M. and Rahmani, M., 2017. Optimization and modification of urban transportation network of Qom with environmental considerations using genetic algorithms and GIS. Environmental Sciences. 14(4), 91-104.
  134. Introduction: Transportation in cities has always been a matter of interest to people. However, following the Industrial Revolution, the unprecedented increase in urbanization and the emergence of various means of transportation, the importance of transportation is greater than ever before. Today, transportation is one of the most important and influential infrastructures and it allows for the development of society while, at the same time, it is under the influence of development; this is the reason why managers and city planners pay close attention to transportation. Despite the focus of transportation planners on accessibility and other dynamic aspects of urban transportation, however, the side effects on the environment have been severely neglected. Stable transportation has economic, social, and environmental factors and stability is achieved by considering all these factors simultaneously. The city of Qom, as an important city for religion and tourism, needs to organize and manage it in a way that does not conflict with other developments or the environment.
  135. Materials and methods: In order to achieve this, after studying the sources the environmental indicators relating to transportation were found and five important indicators identified. Rating these indicators was done according to location and with GIS mapping of Qom's transportation systems and expert opinions. In order to do this, the map of Qom was entered into a grid and indicators in each grid cell were evaluated separately. The final status of each cell was specified using MATLAB software and a genetic algorithm.
  136. Results and discussion: To be able to achieve an optimal environment requires changes in the road network or changes in user locations that are more sensitive to the pollution caused by transport. The results showed that 30% of grid cells were in a bad condition, 30% in an average condition and 40% in a good condition from the point of view of their environmental situation.
  137. Conclusion: The results for the transport network demonstrated that it can be well optimized and the map shows that transfer of a part of the users, especially in residential areas in the area around the city and with less pollution, resulted in marked changes in the proportion of grid cells. As a consequence, the majority of cells with a score of 3 points (bad) to 1 (good) would change their status so that only 10% of the cells would then be placed in a bad condition in terms of the environment. Thus, transfer of a part of the users from downtown to surrounding areas would be a good strategy for reducing the impacts of pollution from transport.
  138. Keywords: Transportation, Environmental factors, Genetic algorithms, GIS.
Environmental Sciences
Volume 14, Issue 4
January 2017
Pages 91-104

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