Farhad Misaghi; Zeinab Bigdeli; Mostafa Razzaghmanesh
Abstract
Introduction: Urbanization is increasing in the world and the world's urban population is becoming denser in cities. One of the effects of urbanization is the increase in the percentage of impervious surfaces in these areas. Today, many important cities in the world pay attention to the concept of sustainable ...
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Introduction: Urbanization is increasing in the world and the world's urban population is becoming denser in cities. One of the effects of urbanization is the increase in the percentage of impervious surfaces in these areas. Today, many important cities in the world pay attention to the concept of sustainable development in order to reduce the effects of their city development on the quality and quantity of runoff and use modern green management technologies, including the best management methods and development methods with minimal side effects. A green roof is a multi-layered system that covers the roof and balcony of a building with vegetation and by absorbing and keeping part of the rain, and by influencing the processes of evaporation and transpiration, purification, the volume and intensity of the peak flow of runoff, the dimensions The drainage system reduces the downstream and improves the quality of air and water, preserves the beauty of the city and prevents the wastage of building energy.Material and methods: This research was conducted as a field experiment in the Faculty of Agriculture of Zanjan University. The test period was from April to August of 2017. In this research, the effect of the use of super absorbent (zeolite) on the amount of water absorption and retention, the maximum and minimum volume of runoff, the volume of runoff, sediment and the start time of the runoff resulting from rainfall in the rain intensity of 35, 45, 55, 65 and 75 mm/h has been investigated on a green roof with a slope of 5%, in a cold dry climate.Results and discussion: Based on this, with the increase in the intensity of rainfall, the volume of runoff also increases, and the volume of runoff in barren soil is more than the rest of the treatments, and its downward trend is soil containing 1% zeolite, soil containing 3% zeolite, and cultivated soil. Be Also, the volume of runoff increased with the increase in rainfall intensity and the highest value of runoff volume belongs to barren soil. The sediment measured in the runoff also increases with the increase in the intensity of precipitation in the treatments, except for the grass treatment.Conclusion: Barren soil has a very high volume of runoff due to the sealing of its surface layers and clogging of pores. Adding zeolite to the soil significantly reduced the volume of runoff and retained more water than barren soil. The rate of erosion in soil with 1% zeolite was high and the rate of erosion was the lowest in grass. In barren soil, because the penetration of water is low, after a short period of time after the rain, the water flows as runoff, but zeolite has the property and characteristic that when added to the soil, the time for the start of runoff is lengthened by 3%.
Zahra Razmpour,; Hossein Kermanian; Omid Ramezani,; Saeed Mahdavi; Mehdi Rahmaninia
Volume 9, Issue 2 , January 2012
Abstract
Recycling is a promising approach for rescuing the earth from recoverable solid waste. Among different wastes, paper plays an important role. The effects of wastepaper recycling times on the properties of recycled paper have always been considered but less attention has been paid to semi-chemical papers. ...
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Recycling is a promising approach for rescuing the earth from recoverable solid waste. Among different wastes, paper plays an important role. The effects of wastepaper recycling times on the properties of recycled paper have always been considered but less attention has been paid to semi-chemical papers. In this study, the effect of the recycling times of NSSC wastepaper on their WRV (Water Retention Value), hornification of fibers, tensile strength index, burst strength index and tear strength index was investigated. Results indicated that successive recycling of NSSC wastepaper presents an identical behavior to successive recycling of chemical waste papers. The WRV, tensile strength index, burst strength index and tear strength index decreased and the hornification of fibers increased.
