Sohrab Mazloomi; Abbas Esmaeili Sari; Nader Bahramifar
Abstract
Introduction: Particulate matters are one of the most important air pollutants in Tehran and very dangerous for human health according to the epidemiological studies. The ambient particles contain heavy metals, some of which are toxic and carcinogenic components. Therefore, in this study, the content ...
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Introduction: Particulate matters are one of the most important air pollutants in Tehran and very dangerous for human health according to the epidemiological studies. The ambient particles contain heavy metals, some of which are toxic and carcinogenic components. Therefore, in this study, the content of heavy metals in airborne particulate matters (PM4) of Tehran was measured and the related health risk was assessed. Material and methods: Sampling of PM4 was conducted every six days using Chrono PM Sampler with a 10 L/min flow rate at two residential areas including Tehranpars in the east and Ekbatan in the west of Tehran. The concentration of PM4 was calculated with Gravimetric analysis. After the preparation of the samples using the extraction solution (HCl and HNO3), the concentration of heavy metals was measured by ICP-MS. The metal richness was assessed using the enrichment factor. For health risk assessment of heavy metals in PM4, excess cancer risk was calculated. Results and discussion: At both sampling stations, the highest concentrations in all PM4 samples were related to Al and Fe due to the high abundance of these elements in the earth's crust. The results of the enrichment factor indicated that Al, Fe, Ti and Mn in PM4 had low enrichment degree and the source of these metals might mainly be the earth's crust. Ni and Cr had a high enrichment degree. In addition, Zn, Pb, Cu, Sn, As, and Cd had a very high enrichment degree and were mainly anthropogenic. The concentration of PM4 was not significantly different between the two stations in the east and west, but the comparison of the mean concentration of metals in PM4 samples between the two stations showed that the concentrations of Mn, Cu, Sn, Ni, and As at the eastern station were significantly higher than the western station. The comparison of the enrichment factor between the two sampling stations also showed that the EF values of the studied elements at the eastern station were higher than those at the western station, which could indicate a higher contribution of anthropogenic sources in the east. Among the studied elements, the highest excess cancer risk was related to Cr(VI) due to its high toxicity. The total excess cancer risk based on the average concentrations of toxic metals in PM4 was 120.1×10-6 at the eastern station and 83.1×10-6 at the western station. Conclusion: Most of heavy metals in PM4in the east and west of Tehran had mainly anthropogenic sources and were generated by human activities, especially transportation. The average concentration of heavy metals in PM4 at the east of Tehran was higher than the west, and as a result, the excess cancer risk of toxic metals in PM4 was also higher in the east. The most dangerous carcinogenic element in particulate matters of Tehran was Cr(VI), which should be taken more under consideration and its anthropogenic emission sources must be controlled.
Morteza Davodi; Abbas Esmaili-Sari; Nader Bahramifar; Seyed Mahmoud Ghasempouri
Volume 8, Issue 1 , October 2010
Abstract
Shadegan wetland, one of the largest wetlands in Iran, is subject to different pollutants. One of these contaminants is the residue of organochlorine pesticides such as DDT and its metabolites used to combat pests. Residues of DDT and its metabolites (p,p/-DDT,o,p/-DDT,p,p/-DDE, o,p/-DDE, p,p/-DDD) were ...
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Shadegan wetland, one of the largest wetlands in Iran, is subject to different pollutants. One of these contaminants is the residue of organochlorine pesticides such as DDT and its metabolites used to combat pests. Residues of DDT and its metabolites (p,p/-DDT,o,p/-DDT,p,p/-DDE, o,p/-DDE, p,p/-DDD) were investigated in five edible fish species of Shadegan wetland, and the effect of the amount of this pesticide on the weight, age and diet was investigated. Total DDT (the sum of 5 metabolites) in Barbus grypus and Cyprino carpiowas 6.50 and 3.27 ng g-1, respectively. Results showed that p,p/-DDE had a maximum concentration in all species and p,p/-DDT in Barbus sharpeyi (0.12 ng g-1) and Cyprino carpio(0.09 ng g-1), o,p/-DDE metabolite in Barbus grypus ( 0.12 ng g-1) and Aspius vorax (0.20 ng g-1) and o,p/-DDT metabolite in Barbus barbules had a minimum concentration. These results show any new application of this pesticide in the land around the wetland. The mean concentration of DDTs was higher in weight group>320 g (6.77 ng g-1) and in age group>3 years (6.70 ng g-1) and those of an omnivorous diet (7.34 ng g-1) than in the other groups. The calculation ofestimated daily intake (EDI) of this pesticide and comparison with international standards, showed no risks for residents in this area.
Vahab Vaezzadeh; Ali Mashinchian Moradi; Abbas Esmaili Sari; Seyyed Mohammadreza Fatemi
Volume 5, Issue 3 , April 2008
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides including lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin and DDT were analized in muscle tissue of two commercial fish species, (Cyprinus carpio and Rutilus frisii) from five stations in the southwest Caspian Sea (Astara-Hashtpar-Anzali-Kiashahr and Ramsar). There was no pesticide contamination ...
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Organochlorine pesticides including lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin and DDT were analized in muscle tissue of two commercial fish species, (Cyprinus carpio and Rutilus frisii) from five stations in the southwest Caspian Sea (Astara-Hashtpar-Anzali-Kiashahr and Ramsar). There was no pesticide contamination in fish samples of Astara. Heptachlor in muscle tissue of Cyprinus carpio from Anzali had the highest concentration (11.964 mg/kg - lipid weight basis) among all fish samples. Mean level of each pesticide was calculated in all fish samples. The results showed that among other pesticides, heptachlor is the main contaminant in southwest of Caspian Sea (2.6479 mg/kg - lipid weight basis). Generally, in comparison with Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) established by FAO/WHO, the levels of heptachlor in muscle tissue of Cyprinus carpio from Anzali and Ramsar, Rutilus frisii from Hashtpar and level of dieldrin in muscle tissue of Rutilus frisii from Kiashahr can have health risk to consumers. The concentration of above mentioned pesticides in the same fish samples are higher than Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). In addition, level of DDT in muscle tissue of Rutilus frisii from Ramsar exceeds the MRL values.
Mehrzad keshavarzi fard; Ali Mashinchian Moradi; Seyyed Mohammad Reza Fatemi; Abbas Esmaili Sari
Volume 5, Issue 3 , April 2008
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides are very important, due to their carcinogenic and delayed toxic function and their effect on nervous system of fish and human. In this study concentration of organochlorine pesticides including Lindane, Heptachlor, Dieldrin, Aldrin and DDT was measured in muscle tissues of stellate ...
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Organochlorine pesticides are very important, due to their carcinogenic and delayed toxic function and their effect on nervous system of fish and human. In this study concentration of organochlorine pesticides including Lindane, Heptachlor, Dieldrin, Aldrin and DDT was measured in muscle tissues of stellate sturgeon of southern coasts of the Caspian Sea from Astara, Hashtpar, Bandare Anzali, Kiashahr, Ramsar, Chalous, Noor, Feraidoun Kenar, Khazarabade Sari and Bandare Turkman stations. In sampled stellate sturgeon, Heptachlor with an average concentration of 3.933 mg/kg on lipid weigth basis and Aldrin with an average concentration of <0.288 mg/kg on lipid weigth basis had the highest and lowest concentrations, respectively. The order of these pesticides according to average of concentration are as follow: Heptachlor > DDT > Lindane > Dilderin > Aldrin. Comparison of measured concentrations with Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) established by FAO/WHO showed that the average concentration of Heptachlor in all sampling stations exceeded the MRL value, also concentration of DDT in samples from Chalous and Bandare Turkman exceeded the MRL value.
Behrooz Abtahi; Mehdi Ghodrati Shojaii; Abbas Smaili Sari; Masoomeh Rahnema; Isa Sharif Pour; بهمنی Bahmani; Rezvanallah Kazemi; Ali AliHallajian
Volume 4, Issue 3 , April 2007
Mehdi Naderi Jelodar; Abbas Esmaeili Sari; Mohammad Reza Ahmadi; Seyed Jafar Seifabadi; Asghar Abdoli
Volume 4, Issue 2 , January 2007
