ویژگی‌های موروفولوژیک نهال‌های زبان‌گنجشک (Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill)، توت نرک (Morus alba) و افرای سیاه (Acer negundo) در گلخانه و عرصه تحت تنش‌های آبی در رباط کریم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 گروه آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده‌ی علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد فیروز‌کوه، فیروزکوه، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: یکی از محدودیت‌های اصلی در منطقه­ های خشک و نیمه خشک، تخصیص منابع آبی برای توسعه‌ فضای سبز است. از آنجایی که تنش‌های آبی و خشکی در کنار انتخاب نادرست گونه از عامل­ های اصلی کاهش دهنده بقای نهال‌ها در مرحله استقرار در جنگل کاری‌ها در منطقه ­های خشک و نیمه‌خشک به شمار می‌آیند، بنابراین این پژوهش با هدف بررسی ویژگی ­های ظاهری نهال‌های گونه‌های زبان گنجشک، توت نرک و افرای سیاه در گلخانه و عرصه تحت تنش‌های آبی در شهر رباط‌کریم است.
مواد و روش‌ها: شهر رباط‌کریم یکی از شهرستان‌های استان تهران، با وسعتی معادل ۲۷۵ کیلومتر مربع است. به ­منظور مطالعه اثر تنش آبی بر ویژگی­ های ظاهری نهال‌های مورد مطالعه از هر گونه (سه نوع گونه) در هر محیط (گلخانه و عرصه)، تعداد 20 اصله نهال (مجموع 120 اصله نهال) در دو محیط گلخانه و عرصه کاشته شد و در سه سطح تنش آبی (دو، چهار و شش روز پس از فرا رسیدن نقطه حد مجاز تخلیه رطوبتیMAD)1) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های به­ طور کامل تصادفی در پنج تکرار مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. بدین صورت که نهال‌هایی که به نقطه MAD می‌رسیدند، بلافاصله آبیاری نمی‌شدند و تحت سه سطح از تنش آبی دو، چهار و شش روز پس از فرا رسیدن نقطه MAD قرار گرفتند. سپس ویژگی­ های کمی ظاهری نهال‌ها که شامل پارامترهای تعداد برگ‌ها، ابعاد برگ‌ها، ارتفاع نهال‌ها، قطر بن، وزن برگ خشک، وزن خشک ساقه به­همراه ویژگی­های کیفی نهال‌ها که عبارت‌اند از شادابی برگ‌ها و سلامت نهال‌ها، اندازه‌گیری شدند.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که تعداد بازه زمانی فرا رسیدن نقطه MAD در گلخانه برای گونه‌های زبان‌گنجشک 29، افرای سیاه 28 و توت نرک 32 و در عرصه برای گونه‌های زبان‌گنجشک 20، افرای سیاه 20 و توت نرک 17 دوره بوده است. به ­طور کلی در هر سه گونه‌ مورد مطالعه، در اردیبهشت ماه (زمان شروع پژوهش)، نهال‌ها در وضعیت بسیار مناسبی قرار داشت. در سایر ماه‌ها، پس از تحت تنش آبی قرار گرفتن (دو، چهار و شش روزه) همواره با گذشت زمان از تعداد برگ و ابعاد برگ کاسته شده است. به ­طوریکه در گونه‌ افرای سیاه تعداد برگ‌ها در محیط گلخانه در ماه مرداد به عدد صفر (بی برگی نهال‌) رسید.
نتیجه ­گیری: به­ طور کلی با افزایش تنش آبی از تعداد برگ، ابعاد برگ، وزن برگ خشک، وزن خشک ساقه، شادابی برگ‌ها و سلامت نهال کاسته شد. به ­نظر می‌رسد که شش روز پس از MAD زمان مناسب آبیاری نهال‌ها با توجه به ویژگی­ های ظاهری آنان است. توجه به ویژگی­ های ظاهری نهال‌ها در هنگام آبیاری همواره به استفاده بهینه در مصرف آب، جلوگیری از زیاد آبیاری و کم آبیاری نهال‌ها و صرفه جویی در هزینه‌های مربوطه کمک شایانی می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Morphological characteristics of Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill, Morus alba and Acer negundo saplings under water stress in greenhouse and field in Robat Karim

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Asgari 1
  • Mohsen Javanmiri pour 1
  • Vahid Etemad 1
  • Abdolmajid Liaghat 2
  • Azam Eskandari Rad 3
1 Department of Forestry and Forest Economics Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Human Science, Islamic Azad University, Firooz Kooh Branch, Firooz Kooh, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: One of the main limitations in arid and semi-arid regions is the allocation of water resources for green space development. Since water and drought stresses along with an incorrect selection of species are the main factors that reduce seedling survival in the afforestation stages in arid and semi-arid regions, the aim of the current study is to investigate the morphological characteristics of Ash, Mullberry and Ash leaved maple seedlings in the greenhouse and the field under different water stress in Robat Karim town.
Material and methods: Robat Karim is one of the towns of Tehran Province with an area of 275 square kilometers. To study the effect of water stress on morphological characteristics of seedlings species (three species) in two environment (greenhouse and field), 20 seedlings (120 seedlings in total) were planted in greenhouses and fields and in three water stress levels (two, four and six days after reaching MAD point) were tested in randomized complete block design with five replications. The saplings that reached the MAD point were not irrigated immediately and were subjected to three drought stresses two, four and six days after reaching the MAD point. Then the quantitative appearance characteristics of seedlings include parameters of leaf numbers, leaf size, seedlings height, and collar diameter, dry leaf weight, stem dry weight along with two qualitative characteristics of seedlings, which are leaf freshness and seedling health, were measured.
Results and discussion: The results showed that the number of MAD period times in the greenhouse for Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill. species was 29, Acer negundo 28 and Morus alba 32 and in the field for Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill. species was 20, Acer negundo 20, and Morus alba 17 period times. Generally, in all three studied species, in May, as the first month of the research, the seedlings were in very good condition. In other months, after being under different water stress (two, four and six days), the number of leaves and leaf size always decreased over time. In the case of Ash leaved maple, the number of leaves in the greenhouse area in August was zero (absolute defoliation).
Conclusion: Generally, by increasing water stress, leaf number, leaf size, dry leaf weight, dry stem weight, leaf freshness, and health of the saplings were reduced. It seems that six days after reaching MAD point is the suitable time to irrigate the saplings according to their morphological characteristics. Considering the appearance of seedlings during irrigation, it helps to use water efficiently, prevent over-irrigation and under-irrigation of seedlings and save the relevant costs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Stress
  • Afforestation
  • Morphological Characteristics
  • Arid Zones
  • Sapling
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