ارزیابی پتانسیل سمیت و توزیع مکانی خطر اکولوژیکی فلزات سنگین در رسوبات سطحی تالاب بین المللی انزلی با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه برنامه ریزی و مدیریت زیست بومی تالابها، دفتر حفاظت و احیا تالابها، سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، تهران، ایرا ن

2 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: نظر به پتانسیل بالقوه سمیت و خطرات اکولوژیکی فلزات سنگین در بوم ­سازگان­ های آبی سنجش و ارزیابی غلظت آنها در بخش­ های مختلف محیط­ های آبی بسیار ضروری است. از این رو مطالعه حاضر به سنجش غلظت فلزات کادمیوم، کروم، سرب، نیکل، آرسنیک و روی و ارزیابی توزیع مکانی مخاطره اکولوژیکی آن­ها در رسوبات سطحی تالاب بین المللی انزلی می ­پردازد.
مواد و روش ها: نمونه ­برداری از 50 ایستگاه در بخش ­های مختلف تالاب انجام شد. پس از آماده سازی و هضم اسیدی نمونه­ ها، غلظت فلزات مذکور با استفاده از دستگاه جذب اتمی تعیین گردید. به منظور پهنه‌بندی سمیت و مخاطره اکولوژیکی فلزات از روش وزن دهی معکوس فاصله (IDW) استفاده شد.
نتایج و بحث: میانگین کلی غلظت فلزات به ترتیب به صورت روی (91/23±23/80)، کروم (06/34±04/19)، نیکل (65/26±5/19)، سرب (48/06±03/14)، آرسنیک (74/54±4/7) و کادمیم (31/±0 73/0) اندازه­گیری شد. بررسی شاخص­ های پتانسل سمیت حاد فلزات، ریسک اکولوژیکی، ارزیابی خطر اصلاح شده و بار آلودگی بیانگر وضعیت آلودگی پایین در رسوبات تالاب بود. خطر محیط ­زیستی فلزات در رسوبات منطقه به ترتیب به صورت (کادمیوم > آرسنیک > سرب> نیکل > روی> کروم) ارزیابی گردید. همچنین یافته­ های توزیع پراکنش خطر سمیت و مخاطره اکولوژیکی فلزات در بخش ­های مختلف تالاب از الگوی یکسانی پیروی نمی­کند و بخش­ های غربی تالابی خطرات بیشتری دارند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پتانسیل سمیت حاد و خطر اکولوژیکی وضعیت آلودگی فلزات سنگین در رسوبات منطقه به ترتیب پایین و متوسط ارزیابی می ­گردد. گسترش شدید فعالیت­ های انسانی در نواحی اطراف تالاب، در کنار رسوبگذاری و ورود آلاینده ­های مختلف، لزوم پایش مداوم تالاب و ارزیابی خطر سلامت اکولوژیکی آن را تایید می نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Toxicity Potential and Spatial Distribution of Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of Anzali International Wetland Using GIS

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zhaleh Amini 1
  • Reza Anvaripour 1
  • masoud Hatami-manesh 1
  • Jaber Aazami 2
1 Department of Wetlands Ecosystem Management and Planning, Conservation and Rehabilitation of Wetlands Bureau, Department of Environment (DoE), Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction; Due to the potential toxicity and ecological risk of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems, measuring and evaluating their concentration in different parts of aquatic environments is very necessary. Therefore, the present study measures the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, As and Zn and evaluates the spatial distribution of their ecological risk in the surface sediments of Anzali International Wetland.
Materials and methods; 50 stations in different parts of the wetland were selected for sampling. After preparation and acid digestion of samples, the concentrations of these metals were determined by an atomic absorption spectrometer. In order to zoning the toxicity and ecological risk of metals, the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method was used.
Results and discussion; The total mean concentrations of metals were Zn (79.24 71 6.71), Cr (19.4 21 21.04), Ni (18.96 62 5.62), Pb (13.3 72 72.50), As (7.62 96 4.96) and Cd (1.12 ± 3.16) mg/kg, respectively. Investigation of potential acute toxicity, RI, mHQ and PLI indicated low pollution status in wetland sediments. The environmental risk of the metals in the sediments were evaluated as (Cd> As> Pb> Ni> Zn> Cr). In addition, the distribution of toxicity and ecological risk of metals in different parts of the wetland does not follow the same pattern and the western parts of the wetland have more risks.
Conclusion; According to the results, Potential acute toxicity, PLI, mHQ and ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediments of the region are assessed as low and medium. The intense expansion of human activities in the areas around the wetland, along with the deposition and entry of various pollutants in this ecosystem, confirms the need for continuous monitoring of the wetland and assessment of its ecological health risk.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecological Risk
  • Acute toxicity
  • Modified hazard quotient
  • Heavy metals
  • Anzali wetland

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 20، شماره 4
1401
صفحه 163-182

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