Optimization of dye effluent decolorization by halotolerant Halomonas strain D2 in static culture condition

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Biorefinery Department, Faculty of New Technologies Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Introduction:
Nowadays, the industrial effluents contain mineral and organic hazardous materials such as phenols, heavy metals, and dyes, which are carcinogenic and poisonous compounds even at low concentrations. An increase in such components especially dyestuffs in the environment makes the remediation of these pollutants valuable. Toluidine Red is a pigment containing azo groups, which is invasively used in different industries. There are several chemical, physical, biological, optical, and combinational methods for different pollutant removal from the environment. In recent years, the bioremediation technique has been considerably developed as an effective method in pollutant removal. Therefore, the goal of this study was to optimize the Toluidine Red removal from the synthetic dyes wastewater by Halomonas strain D2 in static culture conditions. In this survey, optimization and variables’ effectiveness study was performed by the response surface methodology (RSM).
Material and methods:
In this research, the effectiveness status of variables and optimum conditions were studied by the statistical approach of Design Expert V.7 software. Biodegradation of dye was investigated by 30 experiments according to the Central Composite Design (CCD) and RSM. According to previous related research performed by one factor at time (OFAT), the effects of four variables of dye concentration, NaCl salt concentration, pH, and temperature on bioremediation at 10-30 ppm, 2-10 %, 5.5-9.5 and 20-40 °C, respectively, were studied. Bioremediation experiments in the aqueous phase of the synthetic model effluent have been performed in shake flask scale and static culture condition in an incubator for 10 days. Then the analysis of the resulted data was performed by analysis of variance.
Results and discussion:
According to the results and analysis of variance, salt concentration and temperature are the most significantly effective variables on bioremediation in the studied range while pH and dye concentration were probably less significant. Furthermore, the interactive effect of dye concentration and pH, salt concentration and pH as well as salt concentration and temperature were in a 95% effectiveness possibility limit. On the other hand, the maximum dye removal was observed on the 10th day of the experiment with 62.4%. The optimum condition for bioremediation was observed at a pH of 8.5, the temperature of 35 °C, and salt and dye concentrations of 4% and 16.8 ppm, respectively. By RSM, a correlation of second order for dye removal percentage after 10 days was presented with R2 equal to 0.95. The average error of the proposed correlation and real experimental data was about 9.9%.
Conclusion:
The second-order correlation proposed in this paper can effectively predict the different operational condition effects on removal of Toluidine Red by Halomonas strain D2 that is a useful bacterium in dye biodegradation. Comparing this survey with our previous study, which was about decolorization by Gb strain, shows that the optimum condition is different for each strain type. On the other hand, D2 strain performance was higher in the basic condition in comparison with strain Gb, however, in acidic conditions, the Gb strain’s performance was better.

Keywords


  1. Al-Bastaki, N., 2004. Removal of methyl orange dye and Na2SO4 salt from synthetic waste water using reverse osmosis. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification. 43, 1561-1567.
  2. Amini, B., M. Otadi and A. Partovinia (2019). Statistical modeling and optimization of Toluidine Red biodegradation in a synthetic wastewater using Halomonas strain Gb.
  3. Asad, S., Amoozegar, M.A., Pourbabaee, A.A., Sarbolouki, M.N. and Dastgheib, S.M.M., 2007. Decolorization of textile azo dyes by newly isolated halophilic and halotolerant bacteria. Bioresource Technology. 98, 2082-2088.
  4. Bayoumi, M.N., Al-Wasify, R. and Hamed, S.R., 2014. Bioremediation of textile wastewater dyes using local bacterial isolates. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 3, 962-970.
  5. Bezerra, M.A., Santelli, R.E., Oliveira, E.P., Villar, L.S. and Escaleira, L.A., 2008. Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry. Talanta. 76, 965-977.
  6. Bhatt, N., Patel, K.C., Keharia, H. and Madamwar, D., 2005. Decolorization of diazo-dye Reactive Blue 172 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NBAR12. Journal of Basic Microbiology. 45, 407-418.
  7. Chan, Y.J., Chong, M.F., Law, C.L. and Hassell, D.G., 2009. A review on anaerobic–aerobic treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater. Chemical Engineering Journal. 155, 1-18.
  8. Chang, J.S. and Lin, Y.C., 2008. Fed-batch bioreactor strategies for microbial decolorization of azo dye using a Pseudomonasluteola strain. Biotechnology Progress. 16, 979-985.
  9. Chen, K.C., Wu, J.Y., Liou, D.J.and Hwang, S.C.J., 2003. Decolorization of the textile dyes by newly isolated bacterial strains. Journal of Biotechnology. 101, 57-68.
  10. Daneshvar, N., Oladegaragoze, A. and Djafarzadeh, N., 2006. Decolorization of basic dye solutions by electrocoagulation: An investigation of the effect of operational parameters. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 129, 116-122.
  11. Delee, W., O'Neill, C., Hawkes, F.R. and Pinheiro, H.M., 1998. Anaerobic treatment of textile effluents: A review. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 73, 323-335.
  12. Do, J.-S. and Chen, M.-L., 1994. Decolourization of dye-containing solutions by electrocoagulation. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. 24, 785-790.
  13. Estlander, T. and R. Jolanki (2012). Paints, Lacquers, and Varnishes. Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology. T. Rustemeyer, P. Elsner, S.-M. John and H. I. Maibach. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer Berlin Heidelberg: 675-689.
  14. Esteves, F. and Sousa, E., 2007. C.I. Reactive Black 5 degradation by advanced electrochemical oxidation process. In Proceedings Autx textile conference 7, AEOP, Tampere, Finland. p. 1.
  15. Feng, C., Fang-yan, C. and Yu-bin, T., 2014. Isolation, Identification of a Halotolerant Acid Red B Degrading Strain and its Decolorization Performance. APCBEE Procedia. 9, 131-139.
  16. Forgacs, E., Cserhati, T. and Oros, G., 2004. Removal of synthetic dyes from wastewaters: A review. Environment International. 30, 953-971.
  17. Guadie, A., Tizazu, S., Melese, M., Guo, W., Ngo, H.H. and Xia, S., 2017. Biodecolorization of textile azo dye using Bacillus sp. strain CH12 isolated from alkaline lake. Biotechnology Reports. 15, 92-100.
  18. Guo, J., Zhou J., Wang D., Yang J. and Li Z., 2008. The new incorporation bio-treatment technology of bromoamine acid and azo dyes wastewaters under high-salt conditions. Biodegradation. 19, 93-98.
  19. Gupta, V.K. and Suhas, 2009. Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal–A review. Journal of Environmental Management. 90, 2313-2342.
  20. Hafshejani, M.K., Ogugbue, C.J. and Morad, N., 2014. Application of response surface methodology for optimization of decolorization and mineralization of triazo dye Direct Blue 71 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 3 Biotech. 4, 605-619.
  21. Han, R., Wang, Y., Sun, Q., Wang, L., Song, J., He, X. and Dou, C., 2010. Malachite green adsorption onto natural zeolite and reuse by microwave irradiation. Journal of hazardous materials. 175, 1056-1061.
  22. Hassaan M, El Nemr A., 2017. Health and Environmental impacts of dyes: mini review. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering. 1, 64–67.
  23. Jain, K., Shah, V., Chapla, D. and Madamwar, D., 2012. Decolorization and degradation of azo dye – Reactive Violet 5R by an acclimatized indigenous bacterial mixed cultures-SB4 isolated from anthropogenic dye contaminated soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 213, 378-386.
  24. Kolekar, Y.M., Pawar S.P., Gawai K.R., Lokhande P.D., Shouche Y.S. and Kodam K.M., 2008. Decolorization and degradation of Disperse Blue 79 and Acid Orange 10, by Bacillus fusiformis KMK5 isolated from the textile dye contaminated soil. Bioresource Technology. 99, 8999-9003.
  25. Mahmoud, M.S., Mostafa M.K., Mohamed S.A., Sobhy NA. and Nasr M., 2017. Bioremediation of red azo dye from aqueous solutions by Aspergillus niger strain isolated from textile wastewater. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 5, 547-554.
  26. Moharrery, L., Otadi, M., Miraly, N., Rezaei Zangeneh, M.M. and Amiri, R., 2019. Degradation of toluidine red, an oil soluble azo dye by Halomonas strain IP8 at alkaline condition. Chemical Engineering Communications. 206, 61-68.
  27. Moharrery, L., Otadi, M., Safekordi, A.A., Amiri, R. and Ardjmand, M., 2012. Biodegradation of Toluidine Red, an oil soluble azo dye, with Halomonas Strain D2. World Applied Sciences Journal. 18, 1065-1072.
  28. Montgomery, D.C., 2006. Design and Analysis of Experiments, John Wiley and Sons Inc. USA.
  29. Myers R.H., Montgomery D.C., Anderson-Cook C.M., 2016. Response surface methodology: process and product optimization using designed experiments, John Wiley & Sons.
  30. Pearce, C.I., Lloyd, J. and Guthrie, J., 2003. The removal of colour from textile wastewater using whole bacterial cells: A review. Dyes and Pigments. 58, 179-196.
  31. Roberts, S.M., James, R.C. and Williams, P.L., 2015. Principles of Toxicology: Environmental and Industrial Applications, Wiley. USA.
  32. Sadrimoghaddam, S., Alavimoghaddam, M.R. and Arami, M., 2010. Coagulation/flocculation process for dye removal using sludge from water treatment plant: Optimization through response surface methodology. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 175, 651-657.
  33. Saratale, R.G., Saratale, G.D., Chang, J.S. and Govindwar, S.P., 2011. Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes: A review. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 42, 138-157.
  34. Srinivasan, A. and Viraraghavan, T., 2010. Decolorization of dye wastewaters by biosorbents: A review. Journal of Environmental Management. 91, 1915-1929.
  35. Truchliński J., Sembratowicz I., Gorzel M., Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz A, 2015. Allergenic potential of cosmetic ingredients, Archives of Physiotherapy and Global Researches. 19, 7-15.
  36. Wang, H., Su, J.Q., Wei Zheng, X., Tian, Y., Jing Xiong, X. and Zheng, T., 2009. Bacterial decolorization and degradation of the reactive dye Reactive Red 180 by Citrobacter sp. CK3. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 63, 395-399.