تخصیص آب و نهاده‌های آلاینده‌ی محیط‎‎زیست برای تولید گندم در دشت سیدان- فاروق

نوع مقاله : مقاله کوتاه

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز

2 دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه

چکیده

مدیریت کارای استفاده از منابع در تولید کشاورزی، نقشی کلیدی در فرایند توسعه‌ی پایدار ایفا می‌کند. در این راستا، هدف پژوهش حاضر تعیین میزان بهینه‌ی اقتصادی مصرف آب و نهاده‌های آلاینده‌ی محیط‎زیست در تولید گندم در دشت سیدان- فاروق شهرستان مرودشت است. داده‌های مورد نیاز، به‌صورت مقطعی و مربوط به سال زراعی 90-1389 بوده که از تکمیل پرسش‌نامه و با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای دومرحله‌ای گردآوری شد. یافته‌های حاصل از این بررسی حاکی از این است که بهره‌بردارن گندم‌کار، نهاده‌ی آب و نهاده‌ی آلاینده‌ی کود اوره را بیش‌تر از حد بهینه‌ی اقتصادی استفاده کرده‌اند. دلیل اصلی استفاده‌ی بی‌رویه از آب را بایستی به شیوه‌ی آبیاری غالب منطقه منتسب دانست، ازاین‎رو به‌جای توسل صرف به ابزارهای قیمتی در مدیریت مصرف آب، که براساس تجربه در منطقه‌ی مورد بررسی عمدتاً ناکارا بوده است، استفاده از سیستم‌های نوین آبیاری با راندمان بالاتر توصیه می‌شود. در مورد نهاده‌ی کود اوره نیز اگرچه فرایند هدفمند کردن یارانه‌ی نهاده‌های تولید، اثرات مفیدی در راستای بهینه‌سازی مصرف این نهاده داشته، اما پیروی کشاورزان از نظام مرسوم مصرف نهاده و نهادینه شدن الگوی مصرفی نادرست هم‌چنان سبب به‌کارگیری بیش از حد این نهاده‌ی آلاینده‌ی محیط‎زیست شده است. بر این اساس، پیشنهاد می‌شود درادامه‌ی روند واقعی‌سازی قیمت‌های نهاده با توجه به حاشیه‌ی سود معقول برای کشاورزان، اقدامات ترویجی در قالب تدوین برنامه‌های کودی یا راهبردهای دیگر و نیز جایگزینی کودهای آلی به‌منظور کاهش مصرف نهاده‌های آلاینده‌ی محیط‎زیست پیگیری شود. علاوه بر این، نهاده‌های کود فسفات و سم در حد بهینه استفاده شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Allocating Water and Environment-Polluting Inputs for Wheat Production in Seydan-Farough Plain, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Esmaeil Fallahi 1
  • Fatemeh Rastegaripour 2
1 Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz
2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Iran
چکیده [English]

Efficient management of inputs used in agricultural production plays a key role in the process of sustainable development. In this regard, present research aims to determine the economic optimal use of water and environment-polluting inputs for wheat production in Seydan-Farough Plain, Marvdasht Township. Required data is cross-sectional and related to the crop year 2010-2011 collected through questionnaires using two-stage cluster sampling method. The research findings show that farmers have used water and the polluting input of urea fertilizer more than economic optimal amount. The main reason for water overuse should be attributed to the dominant irrigation method in the region. It is therefore recommended to use modern irrigation systems with higher performance than mere relying on price instruments of water management which have largely been inefficient based on experience in this area. In the case of urea fertilizer, targeted subsidies plan for inputs has had beneficial effects in order to optimize the use of input, however, following the conventional system of input consumption by the farmers and prevalence of incorrect consumption pattern are still causing overuse of this environment-polluting input. Accordingly, it is suggested to continue the trend of getting real input prices considering a reasonable profit margin for farmers, pursue extension efforts such as preparing fertilizer plans or other strategies, and replace organic fertilizers in order to reduce the consumption of environment-polluting inputs. Moreover, phosphate fertilizer and poison inputs are used in optimal level.

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 13، شماره 2
تیر 1394
صفحه 11-22

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