محرک‏های رفتاری کاهش ضایعات مواد غذایی در بین خانوارهای روستایی: کاربرد روانشناسی محیط‏زیستی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: هدف این مطالعه بررسی محرک‏ های رفتاری کاهش ضایعات مواد غذایی در بین خانوارهای روستایی بود. پایه مفهومی این مطالعه نظریه رفتار برنامه ‏ریزی شده (TPB) است که هدف آن توضیح رابطه بین قصد، نگرش، هنجارهای ذهنی و کنترل رفتاری درک ‏شده روستاییان در زمینه کاهش ضایعات مواد غذایی است. این مطالعه TPB را با وارد کردن سازه ‏های جدید نگرانی‏ های محیط‏ زیستی، احساس گناه و عادت توسعه می ‏دهد.
مواد و روش­ ها: مطالعه حاضر از طریق پیمایش انجام شد. برای جمع ‏آوری داده ‏ها، یک پرسشنامه محقق ساخته با الهام از مطالعات دیگر طراحی و اعتبارسنجی شد. بمنظور اطمینان از روایی پرسشنامه، ابتدا نسخه اولیه توسط تیمی متشکل از سه نفر از متخصصان دانشگاهی در حوزه رفتارهای محیط ‏زیستی بررسی شد تا روایی محتوا و صوری آن مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. سپس بر اساس بازخورد متخصصان، سازه‏ ها و گویه ‏های هریک از آن­ها مجددا مورد بازبینی قرار گرفت. سپس از طریق انجام یک پیش ‏آزمون خارج از جامعه مورد مطالعه، پایایی ابزار پژوهش مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. برای این منظور، یک مطالعه راهنما در میان 30 نفر از روستاییان شهرستان پیرانشهر انجام گرفت. به منظور برآورد پایایی ابزار پژوهش از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. مقادیر آلفای کرونباخ برای سازه‏ها / متغیرهای پنهان در بازه 70/0 تا 90/0 بود که بالاتر از مقدار آستانه توصیه شده 70/0 است. علاوه بر این، برای اندازه گیری مدل بازتابنده، از مقادیر بارهای عاملی گویه، مقادیر تی، شاخص­ های روایی همگرا و شاخص­ های روایی واگرا (تشخیصی) استفاده شد. در مراحل پایانی پژوهش نیز از ضرایب پایایی ترکیبی به­ عنوان ابزاری برای ارزشیابی همسازی دورنی سازه­ ها و گویه­ های استفاده شد. نتایج ارزیابی نهایی پایایی و روایی نشان داد که همه مقادیر مشاهده شده برای این شاخص ­ها در محدوده مورد قبول خودشان بودند. جامعه هدف این مطالعه را کلیه روستاییان شهرستان نقده با تنوع گسترده‏ای از زمینه‏ های اجتماعی تشکیل می ‏دهد (36764=N). حجم نمونه با استفاده از جدول نمونه ‏گیری کرجسی و مورگان (1970) 384 نفر تعیین شد. روش نمونه ‎گیری مطالعه حاضر تصادفی طبقه ‏ای با انتساب متناسب بود. برای این منظور، ابتدا شهرستان‌ به دو بخش مرکزی و محمدیار تقسیم گردید، سپس از هر بخش دو دهستان، از هر دهستان‎ دو روستا‌ و در نهایت از هریک از روستاها افرادی به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. داده ‏ها از طریق پیمایش جمع‏آوری و با استفاده از مدل‏سازی معادلات ساختاری (PLS-SEM) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که هنجار ذهنی، نگرش و کنترل رفتاری درک‏شده در زمینه کاهش ضایعات مواد غذایی بطور قابل‌توجهی بر قصد کاهش ضایعات مواد غذایی تأثیر می‌گذارند. به طور مشابه، دو محرک احساس گناه و نگرانی محیط‏ زیستی نیز به طور مثبت بر قصد تأثیر گذاشتند. افزون بر این، تأثیر مستقیم دو متغیر قصد و عادت بر رفتار کاهش ضایعات معنی ‏دار بود.
نتیجه ‎گیری: ازآنجا که انگیزه درونی پایدار یا نیات قوی برای حفظ رفتار طولانی مدت مورد نیاز است، بنابراین، توصیه‏ می‏ شود سیاست ‏ها و برنامه‏ ها در مورد توسعه و ارزیابی مداخلات رفتاری با هدف ترویج رفتار کاهش ضایعات مواد غذایی به طور گسترده بر تقویت قصد روستاییان تأکید داشته باشد، زیرا در صورت وجود شرایط و انگیزه ‏های مساعد، افراد تمایل بیشتری نسبت به کاهش ضایعات مواد غذایی خواهند داشت. یافته‌های این مطالعه بینش‏ های مفیدی برای سازمان‏ های دولتی، سیاست‌گزاران، مراکز بهداشت و درمان، عوامل ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی و دانشگاهیان که علاقمند به توسعه استراتژی‌هایی برای کاهش ضایعات مواد غذایی هستند، دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Behavioral Drivers of Food Waste Reduction among Rural Households: Application of Environmental Psychology

نویسندگان [English]

  • Latif Haji
  • Naser Valizadeh
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral drivers of food waste
reduction among rural households. The conceptual basis of this study was the theory of planned
behavior (TPB), which aims to explain the relationship between intention, attitude, subjective
norms, and perceived behavioral control of villagers. This study extends the TPB by including
new constructs such as environmental concerns, guilt, and habit.
Material and Methods: The present study was conducted through a survey. To collect data, a
researcher-made questionnaire inspired by other studies was designed and validated. In order
to ensure the validity of the questionnaire, the initial version was first reviewed by a team of
academic experts in the field of environmental behaviors to check its content validity. Then,
based on the experts' feedback, the constructs and items of each were reviewed again. By
conducting a pre-test study outside the research population, the reliability of the research tool
was evaluated. For this purpose, a pilot study was conducted among 30 villagers of Piranshahr.
In order to estimate the reliability of the research tool, Cronbach's alpha coefficients were
calculated. Cronbach's alpha values for the latent constructs/variables were in the range of 0.70
to 0.90, which were higher than the recommended threshold value of 0.70. In addition, to
measure the reflective model, standard factor loading values, t-value, convergent validity, and
divergent (discriminant) validity were evaluated. Composite reliability (CR) was used to
estimate the reliability and evaluate the internal consistency of the studied constructs in the final
stages of the research. The results of the final reliability and validity assessment revealed that
all observed values for these criteria are within the acceptable ranges. The target population of
the study consisted of all the villagers of Naghadeh County with a wide variety of social
backgrounds (N=36764). The sample size was determined using the sampling table of Krejcie
and Morgan. The table’s recommended sample size was 384 cases. The sampling method of
the present study was stratified random with proportional assignment. For this purpose, the
county was first divided into two parts: central and Mohammadyar and finally cases were
randomly selected from the village. Data were collected through a survey and analyzed using
structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).
Results and Discussion: The results showed that subjective norms, attitude, and perceived
behavioral control significantly affected the intention to reduce food waste. Similarly, the two
drivers of guilt and environmental concern also positively influenced intention. In addition, the
direct effects of the two variables of intention and habit on waste reduction behavior were
statistically significant.
Conclusion: Since sustained intrinsic motivation or strong intentions are required to maintain
long-term behavior, therefore, it is recommended that policies and programs on the
development and evaluation of behavioral interventions aimed at promoting food waste
reduction behavior be broadly based on strengthening the intention of the villagers. If there are
favorable conditions and incentives, people will be more willing to reduce food waste. The
findings of this study have useful insights for government agencies, policymakers, health and
treatment centers, agricultural extension and education agents, and academics who are
interested in developing strategies to reduce food waste.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental behavior
  • Behavior change
  • Non-cognitive factors
  • Theory of planned behavior
  • Naghadeh County

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 22، شماره 1
1403
صفحه 165-182

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