ارزیابی مکانی و زمانی غلظتPM2.5 در استان خوزستان و بررسی عوامل موثر بر آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه سنجش از دور و GIS، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران

2 گروه زمین شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: ذرات معلق هوا یکی از آلاینده‌های اصلی هوا در مناطق شهری هستند که معمولاً از منابع مختلفی مانند وسایل نقلیه شهری، سوخت‌های فسیلی، فعالیت صنایع تولید می‌شوند و باعث بیماری های تنفسی، قلبی-عروقی و مرگ و میر می شوند، بنابراین آگاهی از تغییرات این آلاینده در سطح مناطق با آلودگی بالا، بسیار حائز اهمیت می‌باشد. در این راستا تحقیق حاضر با هدف ارزیابی زمانی و مکانی سالانه شاخص PM2.5 در بازه زمانی 1998 تا 2016 در استان خوزستان انجام گرفته است.
مواد و روش‌ها: برای انجام این مطالعه در ابتدا پارامترهای بارش، دمای سطح زمین، سرعت باد، ارتفاع و پوشش گیاهی با استفاده از چهار ماهواره Terra، Landsat8، SRTM و GPM و داده زمینی تهیه شد. سپس شاخص PM2.5 برای چهار دوره 1998، 2004، 2010 و 2016 نیز با استفاده از محصولات ماهواره‌ای برای استان خوزستان استخراج گردید. همچنین اطلاعات نحوه پراکنش جمعیت و صنایع استان نیز از سازمان‌های مربوطه دریافت گردید. در نهایت پس از بررسی تغییرات مکانی-زمانی شاخص PM2.5 در استان خوزستان، تغییرات مکانی این شاخص با پارامترهای مذکور مورد بررسی قرار داده شد تا تأثیر هر کدام از این پارامتر‌ها بر میزان آلایندگی این شاخص مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته شود.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج مطالعه حاضر در استان خوزستان نشان می‌دهد که شهرهای جنوبی استان همچون ماهشهر، آبادان و شادگان به مراتب مناطقی با پتانسیل بالاتر از لحاظ وجود ذرات با اندازه کوچکتر از 5/2 میکرون می‌باشند. نتایج بررسی تراکم جمعیت و صنایع این استان نتایج نشان داد که غالب شهرهایی که میزان آلودگی ناشی از شاخص PM2.5 در آنها بالا بوده، دارای تعداد صنایع و تراکم جمعیت بیشتری بوده‌اند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که در تمامی دوره‌های مطالعه، در بخش‌های شمالی و شمال شرقی استان، مقدار آلودگی ناشی از این شاخص بسیار پایین‌تر از سایر مناطق استان بوده است و دلیل این امر می‌تواند تراکم پایین صنایع و جمعیت این شهرها باشد که از جمله آن می‌توان به شهرهای لالی و اندیکا اشاره نمود. علاوه بر ارتباط مستقیم صنایع و فعالیت‌های انسانی در افزایش و کاهش میزان غلظت شاخص PM2.5، ارتباط این شاخص با چند عامل ارتفاع، سرعت باد، بارش، دما و تراکم پوشش گیاهی نیز بررسی گردید که نتایج همبستگی بین پارامترهای ذکر شده و شاخص PM2.5 نشان داد که بیشترین میزان همبستگی، بین غلظت PM2.5 با میزان بارش وجود دارد و این ارتباط به صورت معکوس می‌باشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به موارد ذکر شده به صورت کلی می‌توان این گونه بیان کرد که غلظت آلاینده PM2.5 در بخش‌های جنوبی و مرکزی به مراتب بیشتر از سایر نواحی می‌باشد و این امر می‌تواند به دلیل تراکم بالای نیروگاه‌ها، صنایع و آلایندگی ناشی از وسایل نقلیه در این نواحی ‌باشد. علاوه بر آن عوامل محیطی و اقلیمی نیز می‌توانند در ماندگاری و انتشار لایه آلودگی این شاخص نقش بسزایی داشته باشند. لازم به ذکر است که این تحقیق می‌تواند مبنای تصمیم‌گیری برای مدیریت آلودگی هوا قرار گیرد که اهمیت این موضوع به ویژه در مدیریت بحران‌های آلودگی هوا بیش ‌از پیش احساس می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatiotemporal evaluation of PM2.5 concentration in Khuzestan province and examining the factors affecting it

نویسندگان [English]

  • kazem rangzan 1
  • Alireza Zarasvandi 2
  • mostafa kabolizadeh 1
  • shahin mohammadi 1
  • jasem mayahi 2
1 Department of RS and GIS, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Particulate matters are one of the main air pollutants in urban areas, which are usually produced from various sources such as urban vehicles, fossil fuels, industrial activities. They may cause respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease and death. It is, therefore, very important to be aware of spatial changes in these pollutants in areas with high levels of pollution. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of spatio-temporal evaluation of the PM2.5 index in the period 1998 to 2016 in Khuzestan Province
Material and methods: For this study, first, precipitation, land surface temperature (LST), wind speed, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and vegetation cover parameters were prepared using four satellites i.e. Terra, Landsat 8, SRTM and GPM, and ground data. Then PM2.5 index for four periods of 1998, 2004, 2010 and 2016 was extracted using satellite products for Khuzestan Province. Also, information on the distribution of the population and industries of the province was received from the relevant organizations. Finally, after providing the spatio-temporal changes of PM2.5 index in Khuzestan Province, the spatial changes of this index were studied with the mentioned parameters to evaluate the effect of each of these parameters on the contamination degree of this index.
Results and discussion: The results of the present study showed that the southern cities of the province such as Mahshahr, Abadan and Shadegan are regions with higher potential in terms of particles smaller than 2.5 microns in size. The results of the study of population density and industries of this province showed that most of the cities in which the air pollution rate was high due to the PM2.5 index, had more industries and population density. The results also showed that in all study periods, in the northern and northeastern parts of the province, the amount of air pollution caused by this index was much lower than other regions of the province and the reason for this could be the low density of industries and population of these cities, among which we can mention the cities of Lali and Indika. In addition to the direct relationship between industry and human activities in increasing and decreasing the concentration of PM2.5 index, the relationship between this index and several factors (DEM, wind speed, precipitation, temperature and vegetation cover) was investigated. The correlation results between the mentioned parameters and PM2.5 concentration showed that the highest correlation was between PM2.5 concentration and precipitation and this relationship was inverse.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the concentration of PM2.5 pollutants in the southern and central areas is much higher than other areas and this could be due to the high density of power plants, industries and vehicle pollution in these areas‌. In addition, environmental and climatic factors can play an important role in the persistence and spread of the air pollution layer of this index. It should be noted that this research can be used as the basis for decision-making for air pollution management, which is an important step towards overcoming the crisis of air pollution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Monitoring
  • Industrial Pollutants
  • Remote Sensing
  • Environmental Pollution
  • PM2.5

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 20، شماره 2
1401
صفحه 199-222

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