بررسی آلودگی فلزهای سنگین (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr) در آب و جلبک قهوه‌ای Polycladia indica ساحل های شمالی دریای مکران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیلات، واحد چابهار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چابهار، ایران

2 گروه زیست شناسی دریا، دانشکده علوم دریایی، دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار، چابهار، ایران

3 دفتر بوم شناسی دریا، سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف:
اکوسیستم‌های آبى به‌ویژه دریاها و خط­ های ساحلى آن‌ها در معرض آلودگی‌های محیط زیستی مختلفى نظیر ترکیب­ های آلى و فلز­های سنگین هستند که در اثر فعالیت‌های طبیعى و بیشتر در اثر فعالیت‌های انسانى به محیط‌های آبى راه می‌یابند. این تحقیق، با هدف بررسی میزان تجمع غلظت فلز­های سنگین در آب و جلبک Polycladia indica به‌عنوان شاخص زیستی در ساحل­های شمالی دریای مکران و مقایسه غلظت آن‌ها با استانداردهای جهانی و پژوهش ­های قبلی صورت گرفته، انجام ‌شده است.
مواد و روش‌ها:
بدین منظور میزان جمع­ شدن فلز­های سنگین (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr) در نمونه‌های آب و جلبک قهوه‌ای P.indica در ده ایستگاه در طول ساحل­ های شمالی دریای مکران در پاییز 1396 بررسی شد. نمونه‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده به آزمایشگاه منتقل و فلز­های سنگین توسط دستگاه جذب اتمی مورد سنجش قرار گرفت.
نتایج و بحث:
در نمونه‌های جلبک در کل ایستگاه‌ها عنصر روی دارای بیشترین میزان و فلز­های کروم،نیکل، مس،سرب، کادمیوم در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار داشتند. غلظت کروم در کل ایستگاه‌ها در نمونه‌های آب دارای بیشترین میزان، و فلز­های روی، نیکل،مس، سرب، کادمیوم در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار داشتند. آزمون آنالیز واریانس یک‌طرفه تفاوت‌های معنی‌داری را ازنظر غلظت فلز­ها میان ایستگاه‌های نمونه‌برداری نشان داد(05/0p <). غلظت فلز­های سنگین در نمونه‌های آب دارای میانگین پایین تری نسبت به استانداردهای جهانی بودند. همبستگی بالای بین فلز­های سنگین نشان‌دهنده نبود تنوع منبع ­های آلودگی در ساحل­ های شمالی دریای مکران و یکنواختی ترکیب ژئوشیمیایی واحدهای زمین‌شناسی ساحلی منطقه در ایستگاه‌های نمونه‌برداری است.
نتیجه­ گیری:
نتایج این بررسی بیانگر تمایل بالای این‌گونه جلبک در جذب فلز­های سنگین هست که به همین دلیل می‌توان این‌گونه را به‌عنوان شاخص زیستی آلاینده‌های فلز­های سنگین در ساحل­های شمالی دریای مکران معرفی کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr) assessment in water and brown algae (Polycladia indica) along the northern coast of Makoran sea

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmood Sinaei 1
  • Mehran Loghmani 2
  • Mehdi Bolouki 3
1 Department of Fisheries, Chabahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chabahar, Iran
2 Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
3 Marine Ecology Affice, Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction:
Aquatic ecosystems, particularly marine and coastal areas, are exposed to various environmental pollutions (e.g., organic and heavy metals pollution), which are caused by natural phenomena as well as human activities in aquatic environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals in water and brown algae Polycladia indica as a bioindicator along the northern coast of the Makoran Sea and compare their concentrations with global standards and previous studies.
Material and methods:
For this purpose, concentrations of heavy metals (i.e., cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zink (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr)) were assessed in P. indica and water samples in ten stations along the northern shores of Makoran Sea in the autumn of 2017. Samples were transferred to the laboratory and heavy metals were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).
Results and discussion:
In brown algae samples, Zn had the highest concentration within the whole area followed by Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Cd, respectively. For water samples, the concentration of Cr was the highest followed by Zi, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Cd. One way-ANOVA test showed significant differences in the concentration of metals between sampling stations (p < 0.05). The concentration of heavy metals in water samples was lower than the global standards. Strong correlations were found between the examined heavy metals, indicating the lack of diversification of pollution sources in the northern coasts of the Makoran Sea and the uniformity of the geochemical composition of the coastal geology units of the sampling regions.
Conclusion:
The results of this study indicate the high affinity of P. indica towards the absorption of heavy metals, and therefore, this species can be considered as a bioindicator of heavy metals contamination in the northern shores of the Makoran Sea.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy metal
  • Brown algae
  • Polycladia indica
  • Makoran sea

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 16، شماره 3
مهر 1397
صفحه 153-166

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