ارزیابی روش های مختلف عصاره گیری بر ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی میوه های نسترن کوهی، ولیک سرخ و ولیک سیاه مازندران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم باغبانی و پژوهشکده فناوری های زیستی گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: رادیکال­ های آزاد با فساد مواد غذایی و آسیب به سلامت انسان، به­ عنوان ترکیباتی مضر و آسیب رسان به سلول های گیاهی و جانوری محسوب می شوند. فنل ها گروه وسیعی از ترکیبات هیدروکسیلی هستند که ترکیباتی نظیر فلاوونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین ها در آن قرار دارند. نسترن کوهی، ولیک سرخ و ولیک سیاه سه میوه دارویی با ترکیبات ارزشمندی نظیر پلی فنول ها، فلاوونوئیدها، ویتامین ها، در شمال کشور بصورت خودرو دارای رشد رویشی و زایشی بسیار مطلوبی می باشند.
مواد و روش ­ها: جهت بررسی و تعیین بیشترین میزان استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی، روش های مختلف عصاره گیری در این سه میوه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. میوه های این گیاهان از منطقه نوا (°۳۵٫۸۵۴شمالی °۵۲٫۲۰۹شرقی، ارتفاع از سطح دریا2300متر) واقع در شهرستان آمل جمع آوری و پس از خشک کردن با چهار حلال آب، اتانول، هیدروالکل(آب و اتانول 50:50) و متانول عصاره گیری صورت گرفت. سپس مقادیر فنل، فلاوونوئید و درصدمهار رادیکال آزادDPPH برای هرکدام از میوه ها و روش عصاره گیری اندازه گیری شد.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که روش های مختلف عصاره گیری میوه نسترن اختلاف معنی داری درسطح1درصد(p<0.01) برروی فنل و آنتی­اکسیدان  و درسطح پنج درصد (p<0.05) برروی فلاوونوئید می­ باشد. همچنین براساس مقایسه میانگین روش­ های عصاره گیری در میوه نسترن،  استفاده از حلال هیدروالکل(آب و اتانول) باعث ایجاد اختلاف معنی داری نسبت به دیگر حلال ها بود و توانست بیشترین مقدار فنل کل در این گیاه را نشان دهد. همچنین نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد روش­ های مختلف عصاره­ گیری در میوه ولیک سرخ (آب، هیدروالکی، اتانولی و متانولی) بر میزان فنل، فلاوونوئید و آنتی­ اکسیدان موثر بوده و در سطح 1درصد معنی­ دار بودند. براساس جدول مقایسه میانگین روش ­های عصاره­ گیری در میوه ولیک سرخ، عصاره­ های بدست آمده از حلال هیدروالکل بیشترین عدد را در صفات فنل و فلاوونوئید نشان داده و تیمار برتر بودند. روش ­های عصاره ­گیری در صفات فلاوونوئید و آنتی­ اکسیدان در سطح1 درصد(p<0.01) و بر فنل درسطح پنج درصد (p<0.05) در میوه ولیک سیاه معنی­ دار بود. همچنین براساس نتایج حاصل از جدول مقایسه میانگین روش ­های عصاره ­گیری در میوه ولیک سیاه حلال هیدروالکل  بهترین حلال در استخراج ترکیبات فنلی نسبت به دیگر حلال­ ها بوده است.
نتیجه­ گیری: ترکیبات فنلی از سه میوه دارویی نسترن کوهی، ولیک سرخ و ولیک سیاه توسط حلال هیدروالکل نسبت به دیگر حلال‌ها یعنی آب، اتانول و متانول مطلوب­تر بود. همچنین بیشترین مقدار فنل در بین سه میوه مورد آزمایش در میوه نسترن کوهی مشاهده گردید. در حالی که در ولیک سرخ هیدروالکل (آب و اتانول) و در ولیک سیاه متانول بیشترین فلاوونوئید اندازه گیری شده را شامل شدند. به طور کل و با توجه به اهمیت ترکیبات فنلی، جهت استخراج این نوع ترکیبات در این گیاهان، استفاده از حلال هیدروالکل پیشنهاد می­­ گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of different extraction methods on antioxidant compounds of dog-rose mountain, red hawthorn and black hawthorn (Mazandaran fruits)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojtaba Esmailzadeh
  • Hossein Moradi
  • Fatemeh Davatgar
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Crop Sciences College Research Institute of Medicinal Plant Biotechnologies (RIMPBio), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Free radicals are considered harmful and damaging compounds to plant and animal cells and damage human health. Phenols are a large group of hydroxyl compounds that include compounds such as flavonoids and anthocyanins. Mountain dog-rose, red hawthorn and black hawthorn are three medicinal fruits with valuable compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and vitamins, in the north of the country, with very favorable vegetative and reproductive growth. 
Material and methods: In order to investigate and determine the maximum amount of extraction of antioxidant compounds, different extraction methods were used in these fruits. The fruits of these plants were collected from Nava area (52.209 and 35.854, altitude 2300 meters above sea level) located in Amol City. After drying, they were extracted with four solvents i.e. water, ethanol, hydroalcohol (water and ethanol 50:50) and methanol. Then the amount of phenol, flavonoid and percentage of DPPH free radicals were measured for each fruit and extraction method.
 Results and discussion: The results of this research showed that different extraction methods of dog-rose fruit have a significant difference at the level of 1% (p<0.01) on phenol and antioxidants and at the level of 5% (p<0.05) on flavonoids. Also, based on the comparison of the average extraction methods in the dog-rose fruit, the use of hydroalcoholic solvent (water and ethanol) caused a significant difference compared to other solvents and was able to show the highest amount of total phenol in this plant. The effects of different extraction methods on the fruit of the red hawthorn showed all extraction methods (water, hydroalcoholic, ethanolic and methanolic) were effective on the amount of phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant and were significant at 1% level. Based on the comparison of the average extraction methods in the red hawthorn fruit, the extracts obtained from the hydroalcohol solvent showed the highest number in phenolic and flavonoid traits and were the superior treatment. Extraction methods were significant in flavonoid and antioxidant traits at the level of 1% (p<0.01) and in phenol at the level of 5% (p<0.05) in the black hawthorn fruit. Also, based on the results of the comparison table of the average extraction methods in the fruit of black hawthorn, hydroalcohol solvent was the best solvent in extracting phenolic compounds compared to other solvents.
Conclusion: The phenolic compounds of the three medicinal fruits were more favorable by hydroalcohol solvent than other solvents, such as water, ethanol and methanol. Also, the highest amount of phenol among the three tested fruits was observed in the dog-rose mountain fruit. While in the red hawthorn, hydroalcohol (water and ethanol) and in the black hawthorn, methanol contained the most measured flavonoids. In general and considering the importance of phenolic compounds, it is suggested to use hydroalcohol solvent to extract these types of compounds in these plants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ethanol
  • free radicals
  • extraction method
  • medicinal plants and methanol

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 21، شماره 3
1402
صفحه 73-88

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