تأثیر تلقیح باکتری و قارچ میکوریز آربسکولار بر برخی ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی نهال‌های داغداغان (Celtis caucasica L.) تحت تنش خشکی (مطالعه موردی: لرستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 موسسه تحقیقات خاک وآب، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش وترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف:
شرایط نامساعد محیطی سبب ایجاد تنش در گیاهان و اختلال در رشد و نمو و بقای آن­ها می­شود.امروزه کاربرد میکروارگانیسم­های خاکزی بویژه قارچ­ها و باکتری­های محرک رشد که با انجام فرآیند­های مختلف زیستی در رشد گیاه و چرخه عناصر غذایی خاک دخالت دارند جهت کاهش آثار سوء تنش­های محیطی توصیه می­گردد.
مواد و روش­ها:
به­منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی و کاربرد نهاده­های زیستی بر ویژگی­های رویشی گیاه داغداغان (رویش قطری و رویش ارتفاعی، طول ریشه، وزن تر و خشک ریشه و اندام هوایی و کلونیزاسیون نهال)، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل (فاکتورهای قارچ در دو سطح تلقیح قارچ میکوریز آربسکولار و شاهد بدون تلقیح، باکتری در چهار سطح تلقیح سودوموناس، آزسپیریلوم، ازتوباکتر و شاهد و تنش خشکی در سه سطح ظرفیت مزرعه (80، 60 و 40 درصد) در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی و در 4 تکرار در گلخانه اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان لرستان اجرا و از روش تجزیه واریانس فاکتوریل برای مقایسه ویژگی­های اندازه‌گیری شده و برای دسته­بندی آن­ها از آزمون چندگانه دانکن در سطح 05/ 0 استفاده شد.
نتایج و بحث:
در این پژوهشنتایج تجزیه واریانس تلقیح سطح­های مختلف میکروارگانیسم­ها و تنش خشکی بر صفات رویشی نهال­های داغداغان در سطح پنج درصد با اختلاف معنی­دار، بهبود مقادیر اندازه­گیری شده و تأثیر فزاینده و مثبت برخی از تیمارها مشاهده شد، در میان صفات مورد آزمایش، نهال‌های شاهد که معرف شرایط عادی جنگل­ها در عدم حضور میکروارگانیسم­ها است کمترین مقدار را از نظر آماری در مقایسات میانگین داشتند. بهترین عملکرد تیمارها در رویش قطری نهال داغداغان در سه سطح تنش خشکی با تلقیح سودوموناس - گلوموس موسه و ازتوباکتر - گلوموس موسه بویژه در تنش متوسط با مقادیر 0.54 و 0.52 میلی­متر به‌دست آمد. همچنین بیشترین میزان رویش ارتفاعی در هر سه سطح تنش خشکی بویژه در تنش متوسط با تلقیح سودوموناس - گلوموس موسه و ازتوباکتر - گلوموس موسه به ترتیب با میانگین 21.55 و 20.55سانتی­متر و در سطح برگ برای تنش خشکی کم به همراه سودوموناس - گلوموس موسه و سپس ازتوباکتر - گلوموس موسه به ترتیب با میانگین 116و 114.75سانتی‌متر مربع به ­دست آمد. بیشترین طول ریشه در تنش خشکی متوسط با تلقیح سودوموناس و ازتوباکتر، در وزن تر ریشه تحت تنش خشکی متوسط همراه با تلقیح ازتوباکتر و سودوموناس به ترتیب با میانگین 7916/16 و 7941/16 گرم حاصل شد. بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه در تنش خشکی زیاد برای تیمارهای ازتوباکتر و سودوموناس، برای وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی در تنش خشکی متوسط با تلقیح سودوموناس - قارچ و ازتوباکتر - قارچ حاصل شد. بالاترین درصد کلونیزاسیون نیز در تنش خشکی کم با عملکرد بهتر سودوموناس - قارچ و ازتوباکتر - قارچ به ترتیب با میانگین 144.175 و 42.675 درصد مشاهده شد.
نتیجه ­گیری:
عامل­های میکروبی، قارچی و برهم­کنش آن­ها، کلونیزاسیون ریشه­ها، ویژگی­های رشدی گیاه و جذب آب توسط گیاه را افزایش داده و در نتیجه سبب افزایش تحمل گیاه نسبت به شرایط تنش خشکی شده است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The impact of biological inputs on drought stress resistance in Celtis caucasica L. seedlings

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Heidarpour Monfared 1
  • Mohammad Reza Pourmajidian 1
  • Farhad Rejali 2
  • Mohammad Hojati 2
  • Parvin Ramak 3
1 Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
2 Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Education and Extension Research Organization, Karaj, Iran
3 Agricultural Researches and Natural Resources Center, Lorestan, Khoramabad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction:
Unfavorable environmental conditions result in stress in plants and so disrupt their growth and survival. Today, soil microorganisms, especially fungi and growth-promoting bacteria, involved in various biological processes in plant growth and soil nutrient cycling, are suggested to reduce the effects of environmental stress.
Materials and methods:
In order to investigate the effect of drought stress and biological inputs on vegetative characteristics of Celtis caucasica (diameter and height growth, root length, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, and seedling colonization), a factorial experiment (Mycorrhizal factors in two levels of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and without inoculation (control), bacteria in four levels of Pseudomonas, Azpyrilum, Azotobacter and control treatments, and drought stress at three levels of field capacity (80, 60 and 40%) was performed in a complete randomized block design and four replications in the greenhouse of the Natural Resources Office in Lorestan Province.
Results and discussion:
The results showed that the highest diameter growth of Celtis caucasica L. seedlings was observed at moderate drought stress in Pseudomonas-fungi and Azotobacter-fungi treatments with an average of 0.554 and 0.525 mm, respectively. The highest height growth was observed at moderate drought stress in Pseudomonas-fungi and Azotobacter-fungi treatments with an average of 21.55 and 20.55 cm, respectively. The highest leaf area was observed at low drought stress in Pseudomonas-fungi and then with Azotobacter-fungi with an average of 116 and 116/75 cm2, respectively. The least of these traits was observed in high drought stress in the control group and azosperyllium treatment. The highest and lowest root length was observed at moderate drought stress in Pseudomonas and Azotobacter treatments, and at low drought stress in the control group and Pseudomonas-fungi treatments, respectively. The highest root fresh weight was observed at moderate drought stress in Azotobacter and Pseudomonas with an average of 16.7916 and 16.7941 g, respectively. The lowest values were obtained at low and moderate drought stress for the control group. The highest and lowest root dry weight was observed at high drought stress in Azotobacter and Pseudomonas treatments, and at low drought stress in control and Azospirillum-fungi treatments, respectively. The highest fresh and dry weight of shoot were obtained at moderate drought stress in Pseudomonas-fungi and Azotobacter-fungi treatments, and the lowest was observed at low drought stress in control and azosperyllium treatments. The highest percentage of colonization was observed in low drought stress in Pseudomonas-fungi and Azotobacter-fungi treatments with an average of 44. 175 and 42.675%, respectively; and the lowest was observed at high drought stress in the control group with 26.42% and azosperyllium treatments, with 26.695%.
Conclusion:
Microbial and fungal factors and their interactions increase root colonization, plant growth characteristics, and water uptake and thus increase plant tolerance to adverse environmental conditions such as drought stress.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Azospirillum
  • Growth promoting bacteria
  • Arbuscular Mycorrhizae
  • Environmental stress
  • Pseudomonas

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 19، شماره 2
تیر 1400
صفحه 39-56

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