پایش تغییرات زمانی کاربری اراضی شهرستان خداآفرین و کلیبر با استفاده از فناوری سنجش از دور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده جغرافیا و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

2 گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی و برنامه ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: بررسی تغییرات زمانی کاربری اراضی، یکی از مهم‌ترین جنبه‌های مدیریت منابع طبیعی و بازنگری در تغییرات محیطی است. با افزایش مناطق شهری و روستای و ملزومات زندگی بشر، تغییراتی در سطح زمین ایجاد می‌شود این تغییرات، در اثر تقابل نیازهای همیشگی جوامع انسانی و محیطی با زمین ایجاد می‌شود. در تحقیق حاضر با استفاده از تکنیک سنجش‌ازدور، پایش تغییرات سطح زمین در شهرستان های خدا­آفرین و کلیبر با استفاده از فناوری سنجش از دور در طی دوره ۲0 ساله (۲۰۰۰ -۲۰۲0) بررسی قرار گرفت.
مواد و روش ­ها: جهت انجام تحلیل‌های آماری و بصری از تصاویر سنجنده مادیس که بر روی دو ماهواره­ ی ترا و آکووا نصب می­ باشد، برای بازه ی زمانی سال 2000 تا 2020 میلادی به روش طبقه بندی و استخراج پوشش سطح زمین پرداخته شد. از روش طبقه بندیIGBP  در 17 کلاس جهت طبقه بندی کاربری اراضی استفاده شده است. سپس بر اساس مدل و روش طبقه بندی در محیط نرم افزار Arc GIS پردازش شدند. میزان مساحت هر یک از کاربری در هر سال محاسبه گردید. عوامل طبیعی موثر بر تغییرات کاربری اراضی از داده‌های روزانه بارش برای دوره ­ی مورد بررسی استفاده گردید. بر اساس این مقادیر روند تغییرات بارش و همچنین خشکسالی بر حسب شاخص بارش استاندارد SPI در محیط نرم‌افزار ترسیم گردید.
نتایج و بحث: 20 تصویر سنجنده مادیس برای دوره­ی مورد بررسی، تجزیه و تحلیل گردیدند و نقشه ­های سالانه و نمودار روند تغییرات هر یک از کاربری ­ها ترسیم گردید. پوشش کاربری سطح زمین در سال‌های 2001، 2002 و 2003 نشان داد سال 2001 بیشترین مساحت مربوط به پوشش کشاورزی و زارعی و سپس مرتع می­باشد همچون سال 2001 سال 2002 تا 2003 نیز همین روند ادامه پیدا کرده است. در این سال­ ها روند تخریب جنگل و تغییر کاربری از جنگلی به مرتع و سپس کشاورزی شروع شده است. از سال های 2004 تا 2006 پوشش نامطلوب بایر قابل مشاهده است. در سال های 2007 تا 2009 با توجه به سد­سازی؛ پوشش آب و سطح زیر کشت و کشت آبی افزایش یافته و در سال های 2010 تا 2012 شهر و انسان ساخت با افزایش چشمگیر دیده می­ شود و از سال 2012 تا 2020 روند تخریب جنگل­ها و تبدیل آن­ها به مراتع و سپس زمین­ های کشاورزی در سال­ های پایانی دوره مورد بررسی نیز کاملا مشهود است و همچنین با بررسی عوامل طبیعی میزان بارش و خشکسالی در طی دوره ی 20 ساله روند نزولی داشته است.
نتیجه ­گیری: نتایج نشان می­ دهد که مساحت پوشش جنگلی و درختچه ای کاهش یافته و در عوض پوشش بایر، آب، مرتع و کشاورزی افزایش چشم­گیری داشته است، البته افزایش پوشش آب به علت سد­سازی های صورت گرفته در منطقه­ ی مورد مطالعه می­ شود. همچنین نتایج حاصل از بررسی میزان بارش و خشکسالی نشان می­ دهد که روند بارش نزولی بوده و خشکسالی­ های نسبتا شدیدی در منطقه اتفاق افتاده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Monitoring Temporal Changes of Land Use in Khoda Afarin and Kalibar Cities Using Remote Sensing Technology

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Khodaie 1
  • Rahman Zandi 2
1 Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
2 Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Investigating changes in land cover is one of the most important aspects of natural resource management and environmental changes. With the increase of urban and rural areas and the necessities of human life, changes are made on the surface of the earth. These changes are caused by the conflict between the needs of human societies and environmental constraints on Earth. In this research, using remote sensing techniques, the monitoring of land surface changes in Khoda Afarin and Kalibar cities was investigated using remote sensing technology during a period of 20 years (2000-2020).
Material and Methods: In order to perform statistical and visual analysis of MODIS sensor images installed on Terra and Aqua satellites, for the period of 2000 to 2020, the method of classification and extraction of the earth's surface cover was studied. The IGBP classification method was used in 17 classes to classify land use. Then, based on the model and classification method, they were processed in the Arc GIS software environment. The area of each land use was calculated in each year. Natural factors affecting land use changes were used from the daily rainfall data for the studied period. Based on these values, the trend of changes in precipitation and drought was drawn according to the SPI standard precipitation index in the software environment.
Results and Discussion: Twenty MODIS sensor images were analyzed for the period under study and annual maps and change trend charts of each land use were drawn. The land use coverage in the years 2001, 2002 and 2003 showed that the largest area was related to agriculture in 2001, followed by pasture. This trend continued from 2002 to 2003.. In these years, the process of forest destruction and change of use from forest to pasture and then agriculture has started. From 2004 to 2006, Bayer's unfavorable coverage is visible. In the years 2007 to 2009, regarding dam construction the water coverage and the area under cultivation increased and in the years 2010 to 2012, the city and man-made buildings increased significantly, and from 2012 to 2020, the process of destroying forests and turning them into pastures and then agricultural lands in the year. The end of the investigated period is also quite evident, and also by examining the natural factors, the amount of rainfall and drought during the 20-year period has had a downward trend.
Conclusion: The results show that the area of forest and shrub cover has decreased, and instead, there has been a significant increase in barren, water, pasture and agricultural cover, although the increase in water cover is due to the construction of dams in the study area. Also, the results of examining the amount of precipitation and drought show that the trend of precipitation is decreasing and relatively severe droughts have occurred in the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Earth surface monitoring
  • MODIS
  • remote sensing
  • Khodafarin - Kalibar

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 22، شماره 2
1403
صفحه 225-244

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