بررسی ترجیح ها و میزان مشارکت جامعه دانشگاهی در کشاورزی شهری مورد مطالعه: منظر خوراکی دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه صنایع دستی، دانشکده هنر ، دانشگاه بیرجند ، خراسان جنوبی، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامهریزی محیطی ، دانشگاه سیستان بلوچستان، سیستان بلوچستان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: پردیس خوراکی، نوعی فضای سبز دانشگاهی است که علاوه بر داشتن گیاهان خوراکی و دارویی، موجب تسهیل مشارکت جامعۀ دانشگاهی در فعالیت‌های کشاورزی و تولیدی منظر می­ شود. مزایای پردیس خوراکی شامل تولید مواد غذایی، کاهش هزینه‌های نگهداشت منظر، ارتقای حس تعلق به مکان و بهبود سلامت روانی دانشجویان است. در بسیاری از دانشگاه‌ها و موسسات آموزشی مختلف در دنیا، منظر خوراکی دانشگاهی در حال رونق گرفتن بوده و لذا این این مطالعه با هدف سنجش میزان مشارکت و حمایت جامعۀ دانشگاهی از منظر خوراکی دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان به انجام رسید.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق پیمایشی، نمونه‌ای به حجم 530 نفر از اعضای هیات علمی، کارکنان و دانشجویان دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری طبقاتی انتخاب شد. با استفاده از مطالعۀ منابع موجود، مخزن اولیۀ گویه‌های پرسشنامه، طراحی و جهت تعیین روایی گویه ­ها، از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی به روش تحلیل مولفۀ اصلی با چرخش متعامد واریماکس و برای تعیین پایایی ابزار، از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (89/0) استفاده شد. گویه‌های پرسشنامه بر روی 2 عامل ساختار فیزیکی منظر و میزان مشارکت جامعۀ دانشگاهی در منظر بار شدند. تحلیل‌های آمار استنباطی این پژوهش توسط نرم‌افزار SPSS v.23 انجام شد. برای سوالات و اهداف تحقیق در بخش آمار توصیفی، از نمودارها و جداول آماری و به منظور بررسی نرمال بودن توزیع داده‌ها، از نمودارهای احتمال نرمال استفاده شد. به علاوه از آزمون­ های غیرپارامتری برای آزمون فرضیه‌های تحقیق در سطح معناداری 05/0 استفاده شد.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد، «سلامتی روحی» و «تغذیه از مواد تولیدشده در منظر خوراکی» مهمترین عوامل انگیزه‌بخش برای مشارکت جامعۀ دانشگاهی در پردیس خوراکی است. همچنین مشخص گردید تفاوت معناداری در انگیزه ­های داوطلبانه در میان بخش‌های جمعیت‌شناختی پاسخ‌دهنده وجود داشت. از بین سه گروه دانشجویان، اعضای هیئت علمی و کارکنان؛ دانشجویان، بانوان و گروه سنی 30-20 سال بیشترین انگیزه مشارکت را دارند. در مورد ساختار فضایی و عناصر منظر، ایجاد فضای کشاورزی و باغ میوه دارای آبنما و جوی آب مطلوب است. لذا پرطرفدارترین ترکیب فضا و عناصر منظر (زمین کشاورزی و باغ میوه، آبنما و جوی آب، فضای غذا خوردن و توتستان) که هم واجد ابعاد عملکردی (تغذیه و فعالیت کشاورزی) و هم واجد ابعاد تفرجی و احساسی (آبنما و فضای غذاخوردن) است، می‌باید در طراحی منظر کشاورزی دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان در اولویت قرار گیرد. انتخاب بهترین ترکیب کاشت درختان میوه، از دیدگاه جامعۀ آماری متشکل از توت سفید، شاه­توت، زردآلو، انگور یاقوتی و انجیر است. بهترین ترکیب کاشت سبزیجات و صیفی ­جات؛ سیب­ زمینی، ریحان، گوجه­ فرنگی و خیار و بهترین ترکیب کاشت گیاهان دارویی؛ گل ­گاوزبان، رزرماری، آلوئه ورا، به­ لیمو و آویشن است.
نتیجه‌گیری: این تحقیق ثابت کرد که با وجودی که بیشتر پاسخ‌دهندگان به مشارکت در پردیس خوراکی ابراز علاقه کردند، ظرفیت داوطلبانۀ جامعۀ دانشگاهی سیستان و بلوچستان برای احداث و نگهداشت پردیس خوراکی کافی نخواهد بود. لذا علاوه بر مشارکت علاقمندان به کشاورزی شهری، به نیروی کار حرفه‌ای نیز برای پروژه نیاز خواهد بود. همچنین استفاده از استراتژی­ های افزایش مشارکت کاربر و همچنین تشویق گروه ­های ویژه دانشجویان هدف، برای این دانشگاه بسیار مهم خواهد بود. به این ترتیب، نتایج به طور موثرتری می ­تواند برنامه‌ریزان را در تجربۀ مشارکت و حمایت اجتماعی از پروژه‌های فضای سبز مبتنی بر کشاورزی شهری آگاه سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the preferences and level of participation of the academic community in urban agriculture: the case of University of Sistan and Baluchestan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Reza Khalilnezhad 1
  • Peiman Golchin 2
1 Department of the Handicraft, Faculty of Arts, University of Birjand, South Khorasan, Iran
2 Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The Edible Campus program incorporates edible, medicinal, and pollinator-friendly plants in the university to create a kind of working landscape and facilitate campus community engagement in topics of food and agriculture sustainability. In this regard, an inventory of community support and culture is crucial for finding the motivation of participating in the targeted community in the edible landscape project. This study aims to give insights into the inventory of community support and preferences in the campus edible landscape. To achieve this objective, we considered the University of Sistan and Baluchestan as the case study to address the community support and community culture that affect urban agriculture. While the study on urban agriculture projects can be conducted during three phases, this study focused on the pre-implementation stage. It means that we tried to co-create visions of the edible campus, specifically for the University of Sistan and Baluchestan to be used in the next step of the edible campus project.
Material and methods: In this applied and descriptive research, using stratified random sampling method with proportional assignment, 530 people were selected from a total of 18,450 university members (including 17,000 students, 1,000 staff, and 450 faculty members) using the PASS specialized software for determining the sample size. The questionnaires were completed through the Google Form survey in the spring and summer of 2020. All inferential statistical analyzes were performed by SPSS23. For research questions and objectives in the descriptive statistics section, graphs and statistical tables were used. Due to the high sample size (n=530), the normal probability plots (p-p plots) were used to check the normality of data distribution, which was not confirmed. Therefore, non-parametric tests such as Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and Friedman were used to test the research hypotheses at a significance level of 0.05.
Results and discussion: The results showed that the mental health and food produced in the university were the most important motivations of the studied community in edible campus participation. It was also found that potential volunteers were not a monolithic group. There were statistically significant differences in the frequency of expression of potential volunteer motivations among respondent demographic segments. Based on the findings of our study, the more interested group in terms of potential volunteerism were students, females, and 20-30 aged groups. On the other hand, our study proved that the potential volunteerism capacity of the university community will not be enough for the establishment and sustainability of the edible campus. Concerning the spatial structure and landscape elements, based on the results of this study, an establishment of agricultural space and fruit orchard (82.3%), and water fountain and pool (75.3%) would provide the studied community with the desirable edible campus. In this regard, our study suggests incorporating three types of edible-bearing plants including fruit trees, vegetables, and medicinal herbs in the upcoming edible campus project.
Conclusion: Iranian university managers can use such data to help shape the community culture and support of their university to a more inclusive and diverse edible campus makeup. Additionally, these findings may contribute to the study and practice of edible campus management by suggesting means for more effective member recruitment based on the particular motivations of different member demographics. In the case of the University of Sistan and Baluchestan, considerable staff and volunteer time will be needed to ensure consistent landscape care. It is also essential that university managers and decision-makers attempt to provide potential volunteers with appropriate training opportunities, resources, as well as demonstrate appreciation, to further encourage and solidify volunteer engagements in the edible campus.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Urban agriculture"
  • "Edible campus"
  • Multifunctional Greenspace"

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 19، شماره 3
مهر 1400
صفحه 193-216

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