بررسی منافع و خسارت های اقتصادی بهره برداران از تالاب بین المللی هامون در زمان پرآبی و خشکسالی منطقه سیستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک وجود تالاب­ ها اهمیت بسیاری دارد. نتایج به دست آمده از تحقیقات مختلف نشان داده است که تالاب ­ها علاوه بر منافع زیست ­محیطی از جمله تثبیت خاک، تنظیم درجه حرارت، کاهش خشکی هوا و... منافع اقتصادی نیز بر جوامع محلی داشته است. به صورتی که امرار معاش آن­ها بستگی به تالاب­ ها داشته و با ایجاد خشکسالی­ های پی در پی و خشک شدن بستر تالاب ­ها بسیاری از جوامع محلی مجبور به مهاجرت شده ­اند. تالاب هامون از جمله اکوسیستم ­های طبیعی می­ باشد که در منطقه سیستان منافع زیست محیطی و اقتصادی با ارزشی برای جوامع محلی داشته است اما به دلیل خشکسالی­ های ایجاد شده خسارت­ های جانی و مالی بسیاری در منطقه سیستان ایجاد شده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی منافع بهره ­برداران از تالاب هامون در زمان پرآبی تالاب و بررسی خسارت ­های ایجاد شده برای بهره­ برداران در زمان خشکسالی می­ باشد.
مواد و روش ­ها: در این مقاله به منظور بررسی منافع بهره ­برداران از تالاب هامون، با مشورت جوامع محلی و تحقیقات قبلی انجام شده، سه شغل کشاورزی، صیادی و دامداری به منظور مصاحبه انتخاب شد. داده ­های مورد استفاده از پرسشنامه ­ها استخراج شد و منافع کشاورزان، صیادان و دامداران به روش قیمت­ های بازار بررسی گردید، از روش ارزش­ گذاری مشروط به منظور بررسی خسارت­ های ایجاد شده در تالاب استفاده شد.  
نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان می­ دهد در سال ۱۳۹۹ منفعت حاصل از بخش صیادی ۷۹۶۷۰۰۲۸۰۰ ریال، منفعت بخش دامداری ۷۷۴۵۲۹۲۳۶۱۰ ریال و کشاورزی ۳۱۸۱۶۵۲۸۲۱۲۰ ریال می­ باشد. بررسی خسارت ایجاد شده در سال ۱۴۰۱ نیز مشخص کرد ۱۱۶۸۳۴۵۴۱۶۰۰ ریال خسارت به بهره برداران تحمیل شده است. همچنین بررسی تمایل به پرداخت به منظور حفظ و احیای تالاب هامون ۲۳۴۴۵۵۵۹۲۰۰ ریال به ­دست آمد. با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه و مقایسه منافعی که ذینفعان از تالاب هامون داشته ­اند و خسارت­ هایی که به دلیل خشکسالی به آن­ها تحمیل شده است، در می­ یابیم که لازم است اقداماتی جدی به منظور مدیریت مناسب جهت آبگیری تالاب (حق آبه تالاب هامون) و ایجاد معیشت­ های جایگزین برای ذینفعان تالاب در دستور کار قرار بگیرد.
نتیجه­ گیری: نتایج این تحقیق نشان می ­دهد، جوامع محلی با بهره­ برداری­های انجام شده از تالاب منافع اقتصادی بسیاری داشته ­اند و با خشکسالی ایجاد شده خسارت زیادی به آن­ها تحمیل شده است. بنابراین با توجه به بهره­ برداری­های صورت گرفته در زمان پرآبی تالاب هامون، از جمله استفاده از آب برای کشاورزی، رفت و آمد صیادان به منظور صید ماهی و برداشت علوفه توسط دامداران و حتی ورود دام­ها به منظور چرای در نیزارها این فعالیت­ های انسانی می­ تواند یکی از عوامل مهم در تخریب و کاهش منابع آبی تالاب هامون باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the benefits and economic losses of the beneficiaries of Hamon International Wetland during the time of high water and drought in Sistan region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohaddeseh Mir
  • Hamid Mohammadi
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: In arid and semi-arid regions, the existence of wetlands is very important. The results obtained from various researches have shown that wetlands, in addition to environmental benefits, such as soil stabilization, temperature regulation, reducing air dryness, etc., also have economic benefits for local communities. As their livelihood depends on the wetlands, many local communities have been forced to migrate due to successive droughts and the drying up of the wetlands. Hamon Wetland is one of the natural ecosystems that has had valuable environmental and economic benefits for local communities in the Sistan region, but due to the droughts, many human and financial losses have been caused in the Sistan region. The purpose of this study is to investigate the benefits of the users of the Hamon Wetland when the wetland is flooded and to investigate the damages caused to the users during the drought.
Material and methods: In this article, in order to investigate the interests of Hamon wetland users, with the consultation of local communities and previous researches, three occupations of agriculture, fishing and animal husbandry were selected for the purpose of interview. The data used in the questionnaires were extracted and the interests of farmers, fishermen and ranchers were checked by the market price method, the conditional valuation method was used to check the damage caused in the wetland.
Results and discussion: The results showed that in the year 2020, the profit from the fishing sector was 7967002800 Rials. The benefits of the livestock and agriculture sectors were 77452923610 and 318165282120 Rials, respectively. The damage caused in 2022 was determined 11,683,454,1600 Rials. Also, the willingness to pay for the preservation and restoration of the Hamon Wetland was 23,445,559,200 Rials. Our findings showed that it is necessary to take serious measures in order to properly manage the wetland (Hamoun Wetland water rights) and creating alternative livelihoods for wetland beneficiaries should be on the agenda.
Conclusion: This research showed that the local communities had lots of benefits with the exploitation of the lagoon but the drought caused a lot of damage to them. Therefore, according to the exploitations that took place during the flood of the lagoon, including the use of water for agriculture, the movement of fishermen to catch fish and the harvesting of fodder by ranchers and even the entry of livestock to graze in the reeds can be one of the important factors in the destruction and reduction of water resources of Hamon Wetland.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hamon International Wetland
  • economic benefits
  • economic damages
  • contingent valuation
  • alternative livelihoods

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 21، شماره 3
1402
صفحه 113-130

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