شناسایی و تعیین مقدار هفت محصول جانبی گند زدایی نظام مندی نشده در آب آشامیدنی شهر تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه فناوری های محیط زیست، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: گندزدایی با کلر رایج ­ترین روش گندزدایی آب آشامیدنی در ایران است. واکنش ­پذیری کلر سبب می­ شود تا علاوه بر تخریب عوامل بیمازی­زا، ترکیبات آلی متنوعی تحت عنوان محصولات جانبی گندزدایی تولید شوند. تعداد بسیار کمی از این ترکیبات نظام ­مند شده به صورت پیوسته پایش می ­شوند. با این حال، ترکیبات فراوان دیگری نیز در این دسته هستند که علی­رغم مخاطرات بسیار جدی، در سنجش­ های روزمره مورد توجه قرار نمی­ گیرند. این پژوهش به توسعه­ ی روشی نوین برای تعیین مقدار ترکیبات مذکور و هم­چنین شناسایی آن­ها در آب آشامیدنی شهر تهران می ­پردازد.
مواد و روش ­ها: در این مطالعه محصولات جانبی گندزدایی منتخب- تری کلرواستونیتریل، دی کلرواستونیتریل، دی کلروپروپانون، کلروپیکرین، بروموکلرواستونیتریل، تری کلروپروپانون و دی برومواستونیتریل- با استفاده از روش اصلاح ­شده­ ی میکرواستخراج فاز جامد و دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی آشکارساز جرمی آنالیز شدند. روش استخراج، با استفاده از راهبرد سطح پاسخ، بهینه و سپس اعتباربخشی شد. سپس نمونه­ های واقعی از مناطق مختلف شهر تهران جمع ­آوری و آنالیز شد.
نتایج و بحث: روش آنالیز معرفی شده برای تمام آنالیت ­ها پاسخ خطی، حساسیت بسیار بالا (حد تشخیص بین ۴/۰ و  20 نانوگرم بر لیتر) و دقت مناسب (انحراف معیار نسبی با ۵ تکرار کمتر از ۶/۲۱ درصد) نشان داد. بازیابی آنالیت­ ها در نمونه ­های واقعی بین ۶۰ تا ۹۵ درصد براورد شد.
نتیجه­ گیری: آلاینده­ های مورد مطالعه با غلظت های گوناگون در آب آشامیدنی نقاط مختلف شهر تهران مشاهده شدند. با توجه به مخاطرات ناشی از این آلاینده­ ها و حضور قابل توجه آن­ها، بازنگری استاندارد کیفیت آب آشامیدنی و پایش پیوسته ­ی آن ها ضروری به نظر می ­رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of seven non-regulated disinfection byproducts in Tehran drinking water

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Jafari
  • Amir Salemi
Department of Environmental Technologies, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Reaction of disinfection reagents, particularly chlorine, with natural organic material existing in raw water, results in production of a wide range of organic compounds, also known as disinfection byproducts. Despite their sever impacts on human health, only a tiny fraction of disinfection byproducts is regulated and controlled.
Material and methods: In the present work, a novel solid-phase microextraction Arrow coupled with GC-MS has been developed, optimized and implemented for determination of seven non regulated disinfection byproducts; trichloroacetonitrile, dichloroacetonitrile, 1,1-dichloro-2-propanone, chloropicrin, bromochloroacetonitrile, 1,1,1-trichloro-2- propanone and dibromoacetonitrile. A central composite design was used to optimize the extraction parameters.
Results and discussion: The method was sensitive enough to detect traces of the target compounds, with LOD values of 0.4-20 ng L-1. Also, quantitative analysis was possible over a wide linear range of about four orders of magnitude (50 to 100000 ng L-1 with R2 values of more than 0.997) with reasonable precision (RSD% values of less than 21.6% at 50 ng L-1. relative recoveries were between 60 and 95 %.
Conclusion: The optimized technique was also successfully implemented for determination of the target compounds in ten drinking water samples and as result, most of them were observed in various concentration levels.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Disinfection byproducts
  • drinking water
  • gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
  • solid-phase microextraction Arrow

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 21، شماره 2
1402
صفحه 15-28

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