مدل مفهومی مدیریت مشارکتی تالاب بین المللی هامون براساس رویکرد داده‌بنیاد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی آب و خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: امروزه مدیران منابع طبیعی در ایران و جهان مشارکت ذی‌نفعان محلی و دانش بومی را در تدوین برنامه‌ی مدیریت جامع تالاب‌ها بیشتر مورد توجه قرار می‌دهند. مدیریت تالاب باید چهار بعد بهره‌برداری خردمندانه، مدیریت سازگار، مدیریت یکپارچه‌ی منابع آب و مشارکت جامع ذی‌نفعان را در نظر بگیرد. اگر ذی‌نفعان به اندازه‌ی کافی در فرایند تصمیم‌گیری حضور داشته باشند دستیابی به توافق و کاهش تضادها ممکن می گردد. هدف این مطالعه ارائه مدل مفهومی مدیریت مشارکتی تالاب بین‌المللی هامون با مشارکت ذی نفعان محلی است.
مواد و روش ها: در این پژوهش، نظرات 376 نفر از ذی‌نفعان ساکن در 58 روستای واقع در داخل و حاشیه‌ی تالاب بین‌المللی هامون در قالب گروه کانونی جمع آوری شد. کدگذاری مصاحبه‌ها و ارائه‌ی مدل مفهومی  با روش تحلیل محتوی کیفی - نظریه‌ی داده بنیاد- در نرم‌افزار Nvivo12 انجام شد. پایایی با استفاده از روش حسابرسی فرایند محاسبه شد و روایی پژوهش توسط اساتید متخصص بررسی و تایید شد.
نتایج و بحث: پایایی داده‌ها در این پژوهش 76% به دست آمد که قابل قبول است.  نتایج تحلیل داده و مقایسه مستمر آنها در قالب 870 کد اولیه با تکرار، 150 کد اولیه بدون تکرار، 78 کد ثانویه، 20 کد مفهومی و 10 مقوله یا طبقه فرعی و شش طبقه اصلی مشخص شد. نتیجه نهایی تحلیل داده نشان داد که تئوری اصلی طراحی مدل مشارکتی تالاب هامون دارای شش مؤلفــه بخش مدیریت جامع تالاب هامون، الزامات حقوقی- قانونی برای تامین آب از طریق روابط دیپلماتیک با افغانستان، توانمندسازی ذی نفعان محلی از طریق جلسات آموزشی – مشورتی، ارتقا و اصلاح فرهنـگ مدیران در تغییر نگرش به تخصیص آب برای فعالیت‌های اقتصادی مختلف و فرهنگ مردم محلی در اتخاذ روش‌های کشاورزی سازگاربا اقلیم، کاهش وابستگی معیشت به تالاب  از طریق توسعه صنعتی و تجاری و حفاظت پایدار محیط زیست تالابی است.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج این پژوهش ابعاد مختلف مدیریت مشارکتی تالاب‌ها را با استفاده از تحلیل محتوی کیفی نشان می‌دهد به طوری که می‌تواند  مدیران تالاب بین‌المللی هامون را به طور اخص و مدیران سایر تالاب‌های ایران را به طور اعم در طراحی و اجرای طرح‌های مدیریتی و برون‌سپاری آن به ذی‌نفعان محلی  یاری رساند. بنابراین با استفاده از تحلیل محتوی می توان نظرات ذی نفعان به ویژه ذینفعان محلی را در تصمیمات مدیریت منظور کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Conceptual model of participatory management of Hamoun International Wetlands based on grounded Theory

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roghayeh Karami 1
  • Hassan Rezaei 1
  • Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiy 1
  • Khalil Ghorbani 2
1 Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

 
Introduction: Today, natural resources’ managers in Iran and the world pay more attention to the participation of local stakeholders and indigenous knowledge in developing the integrated management plan of wetlands. Wetland management should contain four dimensions of wise use, sustainable management, integrated water resources management and comprehensive stakeholder participation. Stakeholders’participation in decision-making process leads to reaching consensus and reduces conflicts. The purpose of this study was to present a conceptual model of participatory management of Hamoun International Wetlands with the collaboration of local stakeholders.
Material and methods: In this study, the opinions of 376 stakeholders living in 58 villages inside and around Hamoun International Wetlands were collected in the form of focus groups. The coding of the interviews and the presentation of the conceptual model were performed through qualitative content analysis - grounded theory - in Nvivo12 software. Reliability was calculated using the auditing method and the validity of the research was reviewed and confirmed by experts.
Results and discussion: Data reliability was 76%, which is acceptable. Data analysis and comparison was implemented using 863 primary codes with repetition, 150 primary codes without repetition, 78 secondary codes, 20 concepts, 10 subcategories and six main categories. The results of data analysis revealed the participatory model of Hamoun International Wetlands comprised six components: comprehensive management of Hamoun Wetland, legal requirements for water supply through diplomatic relations with Afghanistan, empowerment of local stakeholders through training-consultative meetings, promotion and improvement of culture in adopting climate-friendly agricultural methods, reducing dependence on wetland through industrial and commercial development and sustainable protection of wetland environment.
Conclusion: The results of this study presented the different dimensions of participatory wetland management using content analysis, which in particular can help the managers of Hamoun International Wetland and the managers of other wetlands in Iran in general in designing and implementing management plans and their proper outsourcing to local stakeholders. Therefore, using content analysis, the opinions of stakeholders, especially local stakeholders, can be included in management decisions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Participatory management
  • content analysis
  • coding
  • Hamoun International Wetlands

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 20، شماره 2
1401
صفحه 41-60

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