ارزیابی یکپارچگی اکولوژیکی رودخانه جاجرود با استفاده از سنجه های ماهیان و ماکروبنتوزها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تنوع زیستی و مدیریت اکوسیستم‏ها، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه زیست شناسی و زیست فناوری دریا و آبزیان، دانشکده علوم و فناوری زیستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف:
امروزه برای ارزیابی کیفیت آب و طبقه ‏بندی وضعیت اکولوژیکی رودخانه‏ ها، سنجه‏ های زیادی برمبنای تغییر­های ساختار اکولوژیک گونه ‏ها گسترش پیدا کرده ­اند. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی وضعیت اکولوژیک، بیان نحوه تاثیر کاربری زمین ­ها و سنجش کارایی متداول ‏ترین سنجه‏ های اکولوژیک برای ماهیان و ماکروبنتوزها در ارزیابی زیستی رودخانه‏ جاجرود می ‏باشد.
مواد و روش ­ها:
در مطالعه حاضر، نمونه‌برداری از آب، ماکروبنتوزها و ماهیان در 10 ایستگاه درآبان ماه سال1394 انجام گردید. پارامترهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی شامل دما، کدورت، سرعت و عمق آب، اسیدیته، هدایت الکتریکی، BOD5، نیترات، آمونیوم، فسفات، اکسیژن محلول و کلی­فرم مدفومی در محل یا پس از نمونه­ برداری مورد اندازه ­گیری قرار گرفتند. نمونه ‏برداری ماکروبنتوزها با استفاده از سوربر سمپلر با سه تکرار در هر ایستگاه صورت گرفت و ماهیان نیز  با استفاده از دستگاه الکتروشوکر نمونه ­برداری شدند. بمنظور ارزیابی یکپارچگی رودخانه جاجرود از سنجه‏ های مختلف فیزیکی و شیمیایی، ماکروبنتوزها و ماهیان استفاده شد. همچنین برای تحلیل ارتباط ماکروبنتوزها و ماهیان با متغیرهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی از آزمون تحلیل تطبیقی متعارف (CCA) استفاده گردید.
نتایج و بحث:
درمجموع، 481 عدد ماهی شامل 8 گونه صید و تعداد کل ماکروبنتوزها 2435 عدد از 15 خانواده شمارش شد. بیشترین و کمترین تعداد ماهیان صید شده بترتیب از گونه سگ ‏ماهی برگ (Oxynoemacheilus bergianus) و سگ ‏ماهی تیغه ­دار غربی (Paracobitis malapterura) بود. بیشترین درصد فراوانی کل ماکروبنتوزها متعلق به خانواده Baetidae از راسته Ephemeroptera و کمترین درصد فراوانی به Polycentropodidae از راسته ‏Trichoptera تعلق داشت. نتایج آزمون تحلیل تطبیقی متعارف (CCA)، سنجه EPT/CHIR را برای ماکروبنتوزها بهتر از دیگر سنجه ­‏ها برای تعیین سلامت اکولوژیکی آب بیان کرد. از طرف دیگر، سنجه یکپارچگی اکولوژیکی کار (KBI) برای ماهیان بخوبی در اکوسیستم جاجرود، قابل استفاده است.
نتیجه ­گیری:
این مطالعه، اولین مطالعه ‏ای است که با بکارگیری همزمان سنجه ماهیان و ماکروبنتوزها همراه با پارامترهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی آب، وضعیت اکولوژیکی اکوسیستم رودخانه جاجرود را ارزیابی می ‏کند. از یافته­ های این مطالعه می ­توان به این نتیجه رسید که فاضلاب‌های شهری- روستایی، زهاب کشاورزی و سد لتیان بیشترین تاثیر منفی را بر ساختار موجود­های زنده این رودخانه داشته‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Ecological integrity assessment of the Jajrood river using fish and macroinvertebrates indices

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kamal Khezri 1
  • Asghar Abdoli 1
  • Bahram Hasanzadeh Kiabi 2
  • Hussein Valikhani 1
  • Jaber Aazami 3
1 Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Institute of Environmental Sciences Research, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technologies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction:
Nowadays, many indicators have been developed to assess water quality and ecological classification of rivers based on variations in ecological structure. The goals of the study were assessing the ecological status, the effects of human land use, and the performance of the most common ecological indices for fishes and macroinvertebrates as biological evaluation of the Jajrood River.
Material and methods:
In the present study, sampling of water, macroinvertebrates, and fishes was done at 10 stations in November 2015. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters including temperature, turbidity, velocity and depth of water, acidity, electrical conductivity, BOD5, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, and fecal coliform were measured on-site or after the sampling. Macroinvertebrates sampling was performed using a Surber sampler with three replications at each station and fishes were sampled using an electrofishing apparatus. Different physicochemical, macroinvertebrates, and fish indices were used to evaluate the integrity of the Jajrood River. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) test was also used to analyze the relationship between macroinvertebrates and fishes with physical, chemical, and biological variables.
Results and discussion:
Overall, 481 specimens belonging to eight species of fishes and 2435 macroinvertebrates belonging to 15 families were collected. Among all sampled fishes, Oxynoemacheilus bergianus and Paracobitis malapterura had the highest and lowest abundance, respectively. The highest total percentage of macroinvertebrates abundance belonged to the Baetidae family of the order Ephemeroptera and the lowest percentage belonged to the Polycentropodidae of the order Trichoptera. The results of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that the efficiency of the EPT/CHIR index for macroinvertebrates was better than others. The Karr Biotic Integrity (KBI) that was used for fishes as a water quality index was suitable for the river.
Conclusions:
The present study was the first one that used both fishes and macroinvertebrates indices with physicochemical parameters for ecological integrity assessment. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the urban-rural and agriculture wastewaters and the Latyan dam had the most negative impact on the ecological structure of the river. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecosystem management
  • Ecological index
  • Macroinvertebrates
  • KBI
  • Jajrood river

مراجع

  1. Aazami, J., Esmaili-Sari, A., Abdoli, A., Sohrabi, H. and Van den Brink, P. J., 2015. Monitoring and assessment of water health quality in the Tajan River, Iran using physicochemical, fish and macroinvertebrates indices. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 13(1), 1.
  2. Aazami, J., Sari, A. E., Abdoli, A., Sohrabi, H. and Brink, P. J., 2015. Assessment of ecological quality of the Tajan River in Iran using a multimetric macroinvertebrate index and species traits. Environmental management. 56(1), 260-269.
  3. Abdoli, A., 2000. The Inland Water Fishes of Iran. Iranian Museum of Nature and Wildlife, Tehran. 378 pp. (Persian with English abstract).
  4. Abdoli, A., 2016. The field guide of the inland water fishes of Iran. Iran-shenasi, Tehran. (In Persian)
  5. Abdoli, A. and Naderi, M., 2009. Biodiversity of fishes of the southern basin of the Caspian Sea. Abzian Scientific Publication, Tehran. (Persian with English abstract).
  6. Alabaster, J.S. and Lloyd, R.S., 2013. Water quality criteria for freshwater fish: Elsevier.
  7. Alizadeh Sabet, H.R., 2016. Effect of temperature on genomic and some biological indices during embryonic and larval development of Caspian trout Salmo trutta caspius Kessler, 1877.Ph.D. Thesis. Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.(Persian with English abstract).
  8. Breine, J., I. Simoens, G. Haidvogl, A. Melcher, D. Pont, S. Schmutz and the FAME CONSORTIUM, 2005. Manual for the application of the European Fish Index – EFI. A fishbased method to assess the ecological status of European rivers in support of the Water Framework Directive. Version 1.1, January 2005. 81 pp. In: Van Liefferinge, C., Simoens, I., Vogt, C., Cox, T.J., Breine, J., Ercken, D., ... and Meire, P., 2010. Impact of habitat diversity on the sampling effort required for the assessment of river fish communities and IBI. Hydrobiologia. 644(1), 169-183.
  9. Brown, E.D. and Williams, B.K., 2016. Ecological integrity assessment as a metric of biodiversity: are we measuring what we say we are? Biodiversity and Conservation. 25(6), 1011-1035.
  10. Caudill, C.C., Daigle, W.R., Keefer, M.L., Boggs, C.T., Jepson, M.A., Burke, B.J., Zabel, R.W., Bjornn, T.C. and Peery, C.A., 2007. Slow dam passage in adult Columbia River salmonids associated with unsuccessful migration: delayed negative effects of passage obstacles or condition-dependent mortality? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 64(7), 979-995.
  11. Coad, B., 2019. Fresh water fishes of Iran. Available online at: http://www.briancoad.com.
  12. Floury, M., Usseglio‐Polatera, P., Ferreol, M., Delattre, C. and Souchon, Y., 2013. Global climate change in large European rivers: long‐term effects on macroinvertebrate communities and potential local confounding factors. Global change biology. 19(4), 1085-1099.
  13. Forman, R.T., 2014. Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions (1995). Springer.
  14. Forsberg, V. and Fichtenberg, C., 2013. The Prevention and Public Health Fund: A Critical Investment in Our Nation’s Physical and Fiscal Health. American Public Health Association (APHA) Center for Public Health Policy Issue Brief. Washington, DC: APHA; 2012.
  15. Gichana, Z., Njiru, M., Raburu, P.O. and Masese, F.O., 2015. Effects of human activities on benthic macroinvertebrate community composition and water quality in the upper catchment of the Mara River Basin, Kenya. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management. 20(2), 128-137.
  16. Hashemi, S., Pourasghar, F., Nasrabadi, T., Ramezani, S. and Khoshrou G., 2011. Guide to Iran Water Quality Index for Surface Water Resources-Conventional Parameters.(Persian with English abstract).
  17. Karr, J.R., 2004. Beyond Definitions: Maintaining Biological Integrity, Diversity, and Enivironmental Health in National Wildlife Refuges. Nat Resources J. 44:1067.
  18. Lammert, M. and Allan, J.D., 1999. Assessing biotic integrity of streams: effects of scale in measuring the influence of land use/cover and habitat structure on fish and macroinvertebrates. Environmental Management 23, 257-270.Layhee. M., Sepulveda, A., Ray, A., Mladenka, G. and Van Every, L., 2015. Ecological relevance of current water quality assessment unit designations in impaired rivers. Science of the Total Environment. 536, 198-205.
  19. Lee, W. and Westerhoff P., 2006. Dissolved organic nitrogen removal during water treatment by aluminum sulfate and cationic polymer coagulation. Water Research. 40(20), 3767-3774.
  20. Lepori, F., Palm, D., Brännäs, E. and Malmqvist, B., 2005. Does restoration of structural heterogeneity in streams enhance fish and macroinvertebrate diversity? Ecological Applications. 15, 2060-2071.
  21. Mirzaei, M. and Hasanian, H., 2013. Quality Evaluation of Jajrood River (IRAN) by Quality Indices Methods. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 650, pp. 652-657). Trans Tech Publications.
  22. Mmerimba, C.M., Mathooko, J.M., Karanja, H. and Mbaka, J., 2014. Monitoring water and habitat quality in six rivers draining the Mt. Kenya and Aberdare Catchments using Macroinvertebrates and Qualitative Habitat Scoring. Egerton Journal of Science & Technology. 14.
  23. Mondy, C.P., Villeneuve, B., Archaimbault, V. and Usseglio-Polatera, P., 2012. A new macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index (I2M2) to evaluate ecological quality of French wadeable streams fulfilling the WFD demands: A taxonomical and trait approach. Ecological Indicators 18, 452-467.
  24. Neff, M.R., and Jackson, D.A., 2011. Effects of broad-scale geological changes on patterns in macroinvertebrate assemblages. Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 30(2), 459-473.
  25. Ogleni, N. and Topal, B., 2011. Water quality assessment of the Mudurnu River, Turkey, using biotic indices. Water resources management. 25(10), 2487-2508.
  26. Ogren, S.A., 2014. Using indicators of biotic integrity for assessment of stream condition. Michigan Tech. 7(5), 10-19.
  27. Protected Agancy, I-E., 2011. Guidline for Water quality Assessment in Iran: Department of Environment.
  28. Richards, C., Johnson, L.B. and Host, G., 2015. Landscape Influences on Habitat, Water Chemistry, and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Midwestern Stream Ecosystems.
  29. Santucci, V.J., Gephard, S.R. and Pescitelli, S.M., 2015. Effects of multiple low-head dams on fish, macroinvertebrates, habitat, and water quality in the Fox River, Illinois. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 25(3), 975-992.
  30. Šmilauer, P. and Lepš, J., 2014. Multivariate analysis of ecological data using CANOCO 5: Cambridge university press.
  31. Tachet, H., Richoux, P., Bournaud, M., and Usseglio-Polatera, P., 2010. Invertebres d'eau douce: systematique, biologie, ecologie (Freshwater invertebrates: systematic, biology, ecology), Vol. 15. Paris: CNRS editions.
  32. Vincze, K., Scheil, V., Kuch, B., Köhler, H.R. and Triebskorn, R., 2015. Impact of wastewater on fish health: a case study at the Neckar River (Southern Germany) using biomarkers in caged brown trout as assessment tools. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 22(15), 11822-11839.
  33. Xiaoyan, W., Xuelei, W. and Enhua, L. 2010. Ecosystem Service Function Evaluation of Honghu Lake Wetland, China. In Challenges in Environmental Science and Computer Engineering (CESCE), 2010 International Conference on (Vol. 2, pp. 453-456). IEEE.
فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 17، شماره 3
مهر 1398
صفحه 209-224

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار