بررسی میزان سازگاری هیبریدهای امیدبخش ذرت دانه‌ای به تغییرات محیطی در منطقه‌های مختلف کشور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه بیوتکنولوژی و به نژادی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: برای سازگاری در مقابل تغییرات آب و هوایی، پایداری سیستم های کشاورزی نقش کلیدی را دارند. شواهد زیادی وجود
دارد که مشخص می کند با تغییر شرایط محیطی، تنوع زیستی می تواند سبب افزایش ثبات فرایندهای اکوسیستمی گردد. بنابراین کارآیی برنامه های اصلاح نیازمند درک صحیحی از عکس العمل ارقام اصلاح شده به محیط های با شرایط اقلیمی و خاکی متفاوت می باشد. بنابراین این تحقیق، به منظور بررسی پاسخ هیبریدهای جدید ذرت دانه ای نسبت به شرایط متفاوت محیطی و تعیین پایداری عملکرد دانه آنها انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش ها: این بررسی با استفاده از 16 هیبرید ذرت دانه ای در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در هفت منطقه با
شرایط اقلیمی و جغرافیایی متفاوت در سال 1397 محیط، تجزیه پایداری با × به اجرا درآمد. با توجه به معنی دار بودن اثر متقابل هیبرید استفاده از دو روش چند متغیره AMMI و GGE biplot انجام شد، تا پایدارترین و پرمحصول ترین هیبریدها شناسایی شوند.
نتایج و بحث: براساس نتایج مدل AMMI ، فقط دو مؤلفه اصلى اول مدل AMMI2) AMMI و AMMI1 ) معنی دار شدند و 53 / 68 درصد محیط را توجیه نمود. براساس آماره های مدل × تغییرات اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ AMMI ) SPCA1 و ASV ) هیبریدهای شماره 16 ( SC704 ) و 1 ( KLM77002/3-1-1-1-1-1-1-3 × K18 ) به عنوان هیبریدهایى با پایداری بالاتر انتخاب شدند. نتایج انجام تجزیه پایداری با روش GGE biplot گویای توجیه 5 / 71 درصد از کل تغییرات عملکرد دانه، با دو مؤلفه اول و دوم GGE biplot بود. هیبریدهای شماره 16 SC704) ،) 1(KLM77002/3-1-1-1-1-1-1-3 × K18) و 14KLM77029/8-1-1-1-2-2-2 × B73) ( به عنوان هیبریدهایى با پایداری بالاتر با روش گرافیکی GGEbiplot انتخاب شدند.
نتیجه گیری: به طورکلی براساس عملکرد دانه و تحلیل پایداری با روش های مختلف هیبریدهای شماره 16SC704) ( و 1 KLM77002/3-1-1-1-1-1-1-3 × K18) ( به ترتیب با عملکرد دانه 76 / 12 و 72 / 11 تن در هکتار به عنوان پایدارترین و پرمحصول ترین هیبریدها با سازگاری عمومی بالایی بودند و می توانند مورد کشت در کشور قرار گیرند. بررسى بایپلات 1 همبستگى بین منطقه ها نشان داد که بردارهای محیطى کرمانشاه، اصفهان و شیراز و همچنین منطقه های مغان و میاندوآب بسیار نزدیک به هم بوده، بنابراین این محیط ها در رتبه بندی و گروه بندی هیبریدها شبیه هم بودند. همچنین منطقه های کرمان و کرج از نظر تفکیک هیبریدها مشابهت کمتری با سایر منطقه ها داشتند. بنابراین با توجه قدرت تفکیک بالای هیبریدها در منطقه های شیراز، میاندوآب، کرمان و کرج توصیه می شود جهت صرفه جویی در هزینه آزمایش ها در سال های آتی به جای هفت منطقه، آزمایش ها در این چهار منطقه انجام پذیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The adaptability of promising maize hybrids to environmental changes in different regions of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Momeni 1
  • Mohammadreza Shiri 2
  • Eslam Majidi Hervan 1
  • Mahmoud Khosroshahli 1
1 Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The sustainability of agricultural systems plays a key role in adapting to climate change. There is ample evidence that biodiversity can increase the stability of ecosystem processes by changing environmental conditions. Therefore, the effectiveness of breeding programs requires a correct understanding of the reaction of breeding cultivars to environments with different climatic and soil conditions. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the response of some new maize hybrids to divergent environmental conditions and determine their grain yield stability.
Material and methods: This study was conducted with 16 maize hybrids using a randomized complete block design with three replications in six locations, during the 2017 cropping season. Considering significant differences for hybrid × environment (GxE) interaction, stability analyses were performed using AMMI and
GGE-biplot methods to determine stable and high-yielding hybrids.
Results and discussion: The results of the AMMI model showed that only the first two principal components of AMMI (AMMI1and AMMI2) were significant and described 68.53% of the variance of G×E interaction. Based on the results of statistics of the AMMI model (ASV and SPCA1), hybrids No. 16 (SC704) and 1 (KLM77002/3-1-1-1-1-1-1-3 × K18) were recognized as the most stable hybrids. Stability analysis by GGE biplot procedure explained 71.5% of grain yield variation due to two components of GGE. In addition, hybrids No. 16 and 1 were identified as superior and stable hybrids by the GGE biplot graphical method.
Conclusion: Generally, results of grain yield and stability analyses showed that hybrids No. 16 and 1 with 12.76 and 11.72 t/ha yields, respectively, were better than other hybrids across environments for yield and stability with wide adaptation and thus can be cultivated in Iran. Also, biplot analysis of correlation among environments revealed that Kermanshah, Esfahan, and Shiraz, as well as and Moghan and Miyandoab were closer and similar in ranking, grouping, and assessing stability. Also, Kerman and Karaj regions were less similar to other regions in terms of hybrids discrimination. Considering the high discriminate power of hybrids in Shiraz, Miyandoab, Kerman, and Karaj environments, and in order to decrease the costs, it is recommended to conduct future trials in the aforementioned environments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • امی
  • گرافیکی
  • GGE biplot
  • سازگاری

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 19، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 15-32

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