مدل سازی گستره پراکنش آرایه های خواهری دورگه زا در گونه های زردپره سرسرخ و زردپره سر سیاه از راسته گنجشک سانان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

2 کروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

3 بخش زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: جدایی گونه ها بر مبنای نتایج فیلوژنی می تواند با مدل سازی هایی که ورودی آنها داده های زیستگاهی هستند، پشتیبانی شود. در مطالعه حاضر دو آرایه خواهری که براساس مستندهای مولکولی جدا از هم هستند، از نظر عامل های تأثیرگذار زیستگاهی که احتمالا در این جدایی دخیل بوده اند و همچنین از نظر پراکنش در برهه تاریخی گذشته و آینده، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته اند. گونه ها ی مورد مطالعه شامل زردپره سرسرخ و زردپره سرسیاه از راسته گنجشک سانان هستند.
موا د و روش ها: در راستا ی مدل سازی توزیع گونه ها ، متغیرهای زیست اقلیمی از پایگاه داده CHELSA به همراه متغیرهای ارتفاع، شیب و سنجه پوشش گیاهی به عنوان داده های زیستگاهی برای ورود به مدل مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. همچنین نقاط حضور گونه ها پس از جمع آوری در بازه تولیدمثلی غربالگری شد ه و به عنوا ن داده تعلیمی به مدل ها اضافه شد. در این مطالعه جهت مدل سا زی از پکیج sdm شامل 8 مدل ( GLM ، GAM ، BRT ، RF ، CART ، SVM ، MaxEnt و MARS ) در محیط نرم افزار R استفاده گردید. مدل سازی توزیع گونه ها در برهه زمانی آخرین دوره یخبندان، حال حاضر ( 1997 - 2013 ) و سال 2050 انجام شد.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج جدایی پردازه اکولوژیکی، گونه ها را تحت تأثیر متغیرهای محیطی نشان داد. مطابق نتایج ارزیابی صحت، معتبرین
مدل از نظر سنجه TSS و AUC ، مدل جنگل تصادفی برآورد شد. همچنین بنابر نتایج، در سال 2050 زیستگاه ها ی مطلوب برای گونه
زردپره سرسرخ محدو د به شمال شرق کشور و برای گونه زردپره سرسیاه مطلوبیت محدود به منطقه ها یی در جنوب رشته کوه البرز، شمال غرب و غرب ایران خواهد بود. مطابق با نتایج، وسعت زیستگاه های مطلوب برای گونه زردپره سرسیاه در غرب نسبت به امروز کمتر بوده است که بنابر مطالعات صورت گرفته ظاهرا عامل های درونی و اقلیمی هردو در تغییرات محدوده پراکنش دو گونه تأثیرگذار بوده اند. نتایج تحقیق گویای کاهش مطلوبیت زیستگاه برای گونه های مورد مطالعه در هر دو بازه زمانی (آخرین عصر یخبندان تا حال حاضر و حال حاضر تا سال 2050) می باشد.
نتیجه گیری: شناخت عامل های تأثیرگذار بر تعیین مطلوبیت زیستگاه های حیات وحش ضروری است. برخی تغییرات ناشی از دستکاری
اکوسیستم به شدت د ر محدوده پراکنش گونه ها اثر گذاشته است . پیش بینی کاهش مطلوبیت زیستگاه در آینده و ادامه روند از بین رفتن آن، پایش مستمر نواحی متمرکز پراکنش و اجرای تمهیدهای پیشگیری از تخریب این زیستگاه ها را می طلبد. همینطور منطقه های مستعد برای دورگه زایی گونه های خواهری که از استعداد ذاتی برای دورگه زایی برخوردارند، باید بیشتر مورد توجه و دقت قرار گیرند و تغییرات آنها تحت تأثیر شرایط اقلیمی آینده با حساسیت بیشتری مورد نظارت پیوسته قرار گیرد .

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Distribution modeling of the hybrid sister taxa in red-headed bunting and black-headed bunting, Order Passeriformes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahrzad Rahmati 1
  • Mehdi Gholamalifard 2
  • Ali Gholamhosseini 3
  • Seyed Mahmoud Ghasempouri 1
1 Department of Environmental Science, Natural Resources and Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University
2 Department of Environmental Science, Natural Resources and Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University
3 Ornithology Research Lab, Department of Biology, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The concept of species distribution models is the relationship between known locations of a species and the environmental characteristics of these places to estimate the response performance and contribution of environmental variables and predict the potential geographical distribution of the species. Species separation based on phylogenetic results can be supported by modeling whose input is habitat data. In the present study, two sister taxa that have recently been separated based on molecular documentation have been examined in terms of habitat influencing factors that may have been involved in this separation, as well as in terms of past and future historical distribution.
Marterial and methods: In order to model the distribution of species, bio-climatic variables from CHESLA database with variables of DEM, slope, and vegetation index were examined as habitat data to input the model. Also, the presence points of the species were filtered after collection in the reproductive interval and added to the models as train data. In this study, sdm package including eight models (GLM, GAM, BRT, RF, CART, SVM, MaxEnt, and MARS) in the R environment was used for modeling. Modeling of species distribution was performed at the last glacial period, current, and 2050.
Results and discussion: The results showed the ecological niche separation of the species under the influence of environmental variables. According to the results of the accuracy assessment, the most reliable model in terms of AUC and TSS was the random forest model. Also, according to the results, in 2050, suitability habitats for Embriza bruniceps species will be limited to the northeast of the country, and for Embriza melanocephala species, suitability will be limited to areas in the south of Alborz Mountain range, northwest, and west of Iran. According to the results, it can be acknowledged that the area of suitable habitats for Embriza melanocephala species in the west was less than today, which according to studies, internal and climatic factors were effective in moving both species and hybridization area to the west. The results indicate decreasing habitat suitability for the studied species in both periods (the last ice age until now and now until 2050).
Conclusion: Understanding the factors influencing the suitability of wildlife habitats is essential. Some changes due to rapid ecosystem manipulation are seen in the new distribution of birds. In general, wildlife planning and conservation strategies should monitor the factors affecting habitats and maintain and manage these factors in order to prevent biodiversity

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • sister taxa
  • species distribution models
  • habitat suitability
  • Embriza bruniceps
  • Embriza melanocephala

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 19، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 269-286

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