بررسی تأثیر مجتمع پتروشیمی و پالایشگاه نفت آبادان بر تمرکز فلزات سنگین و گوگرد در خاک

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه زمین‌‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 استاد گروه زمین‌‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زمین‌‌شناسی زیست‌محیطی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

در این پژوهش توزیع فلزات سنگین (As, Cr, Ni ,V, Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb) وگوگرد (S) در نمونه‌های خاک اطراف مجتمع پتروشیمی و پالایشگاه نفت آبادان، بررسی شده است. به این منظور 22 نمونه خاک سطحی با در نظر گرفتن جهت وزش باد غالب منطقه در جهت شمال‌غرب-جنوب‌شرق برداشت شد. نمونه شماره 22 نمونه شاهد است که از منطقه روستایی برداشت شد. پس از آماده‌سازی در آزمایشگاه، نمونه‌ها به روش ICP-OES برای تعیین غلظت عناصر بررسی شدند، همچنین  pHو مقدار ماده آلی نمونه‌ها نیز با روش‌های استاندارد اندازه‌گیری شد. میزان آلودگی خاک با استفاده از شاخص‌های مختلف از جمله ضریب غنی‌شدگی، فاکتور آلودگی، درجه آلودگی، درجه اشباع فلزات و پتانسیل سمناکی حاد بررسی شد. میانگین غلظت عناصر با میانگین پوسته بالایی، میانگین جهانی و استاندارد EPA مقایسه شد. نتایج محاسبه شاخص‌های زمین‌شیمیایی نشان داد که بیشترین آلودگی مربوط به گوگرد، سرب و روی است. تحلیل‌های آماری نشان داد که در خاک اطراف صنایع پتروشیمی و پالایشگاه آبادان، نیکل، وانادیوم، آهن و منگنز عمدتاً منشا زمین‌زاد دارند،  سرب و روی ناشی از ترافیک و وسایل نقلیه و‌ فعالیت مجتمع پتروشیمی و پالایشگاه نفت است. آرسنیک و کروم دارای هر دو منشا  زمین‌زاد و انسان‌زاد هستند. غلظت‌های بالای گوگرد در نمونه‌های منطقه مورد بررسی ناشی از فعالیت مجتمع پتروشیمی و پالایشگاه نفت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the Impact of Abadan Petrochemical Complex and Petroleum Refinery on Soil Heavy Metal and Sulfur Concentrations

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Rastmanesh 1
  • Alireza Zarasvandi 2
  • Azarm Bagheri Birgani 3
1 Assistant Prof., Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
3 MSc. Student of Environmental Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
چکیده [English]

In this study, the distribution of heavy metals (As, Cr, Ni, V, Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb) and sulfur in soil samples collected around the petrochemical complex and petroleum refinery at Abadan has been investigated. For this purpose, 22 surface soil samples were taking into consideration the prevailing wind direction (NW-SE). Sample number 22 is a control sample and was collected from a rural area. After preparation in the laboratory, the samples were analyzed using the ICP-OES method to assess concentrations of different elements. Also, the pH and organic matter content of samples were measured using standard methods. Pollution levels in the soil samples were investigated using different indices, including enrichment factor, contamination factor, contamination degree, saturation degree of metals and Potential acute toxicity. The mean concentrations of elements in the samples were compared to the mean concentration of these metals in the upper crust, soil worldwide, and EPA standards. The results of calculating the geochemical indices indicated that soil samples are more contaminated with S, Pb and Zn. The statistical analysis showed that nickel, vanadium, iron, manganese may be mainly derived from geogenic sources. Lead and zinc may originate from traffic and vehicle emissions as well as the petrochemical complex and petroleum refinery activities. As and Cr have both a geogenic and an anthropogenic origin. High concentrations of sulfur in the study area originated from the petrochemical complex and petroleum refinery activities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil pollution
  • Enrichment factor
  • Geogenic
  • Petrochemical industry

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 14، شماره 2
تیر 1395
صفحه 49-60

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