تغییر در ویژگی‌های رشدی، عملکردی و برخی متابولیت‌های ثانویه بابونه آلمانی (Matricari chamomilla L.) رقم پرسو (Presov) در پاسخ به کاربرد زئولیت و قارچ (Serendipita indica)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، خوزستان، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، خوزستان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: گیاه بابونه (Matricari chamomilla L.) به‌دلیل دارا بودن ترکیبات مؤثری همچون کامازولن، آلفابیزابولول و آلفابیسابولول آ در صنایع مختلف داروسازی، غذایی، آرایشی و بهداشتی، دارای نقش بسیار مهمی است. در این گیاه تغذیه ارگانیک و بهبود جذب عناصر معدنی، نقش مهمی در افزایش عملکرد و کیفیت اسانس دارد. بر همین اساس استفاده از کودهای زیستی مانند قارچ‌های شبه مایکوریزایی به­ منظور کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و حفظ سلامت محصول و محیط زیست یک مسئله مهم در کشاورزی امروز تلقی می ­گردد. یکی از راهکارهای جدید در زمینه توسعه امر کشاورزی، بالا بردن کارایی مصرف آب و عناصر غذایی، استفاده از کانی­ های طبیعی زئولیت است که با خاصیت نگهداری رطوبت، با فراهمی مواد غذایی سبب بهبود رشد گیاهان می­ شوند.
مواد و روش‌ها: به­ منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد قارچ (Serendipita indica) و زئولیت طبیعی (کلینوپتیلولیت) بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه بابونه آلمانی (رقم پرسو) آزمایشی در سال زراعی 96-1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان به­ صورت فاکتوریل با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. عامل­ های آزمایشی شامل قارچ در دو سطح (تلقیح و عدم تلقیح) و زئولیت در چهار سطح (بدون مصرف زئولیت (Z1)، پنج تن(Z2) ، ده تن(Z3)  و پانزده تن (Z4) در هکتار) بودند. پس از برداشت محصول با حذف اثر حاشیه­ای 50 سانتی­متر از هر طرف، صفات تعداد شاخه ثانویه، تعداد گل در بوته، عملکرد بیولوژیک، درصد اسانس، عملکرد اسانس، میزان فنل، فلاونوئید و میزان خاصیت آنتی ­اکسیدانی اندازه‌گیری شد.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که تلقیح با قارچ و سطوح پایین زئولیت سبب افزایش تعداد شاخه ثانویه در بوته و تعداد گل در بوته گردید. بیشترین میزان عملکرد بیولوژیک در سطح 10 تن در هکتار به‌دست آمد، که با سایر سطح­ های کاربرد زئولیت از نظر آماری اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت اما با شاهد دارای اختلاف معنی‌دار بود. نتایج نشان داد که در هنگام تلقیح با قارچ با میزان کمتری زئولیت می‌توان درصد اسانس بالاتری تولید نمود. در تیمار تلقیح با قارچ S.indica بیشترین میزان عملکرد اسانس به ­دست آمد. همچنین، با مصرف زئولیت عملکرد اسانس افزایش یافت به‌طوریکه در تیمار عدم کاربرد زئولیت میزان عملکرد اسانس در پایین‌ترین سطح خود بود. صفت میزان فلاونوئید نیز مانند میزان فنل، در تیمار تلقیح با قارچ نسبت به عدم تلقیح مقدار‌های بالاتری را دارا بود. نتایج مشخص نمود که چه ­بسا زئولیت با جذب رطوبت و مرطوب نگهداشتن محیط اطراف ریشه و تأخیر در خشکی خاک، سبب کاهش فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق می ­توان گفت که اثرهای مفید کاربرد زئولیت و قارچ شبه مایکوریزا به­ عنوان یک سیستم تغذیه ارگانیک در تأمین عناصر غذایی عمده مورد نیاز گیاه دارویی بابونه و در نتیجه افزایش، درصد اسانس و عملکرد اسانس قابل توجه است. افزون بر این، مزایای سیستم ­های تغذیه جایگزین می ­تواند در مقایسه با سیستم­ های کشاورزی متداول از نظر محیطی قابل توجه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes in growthand quantitative characteristics and some secondary metabolites of the German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) cultivar Presov in response to Serendipita indica and zeolit

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Parvizi zadeh 1
  • Mohammad Hossein Gharineh 1
  • Abdol Mehdi Bakhshandeh 1
  • Amin Lotfi Jalal-Abadi 1
  • Babak Pakdaman Sardrood 2
1 Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The plant chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) has a very important role in various pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and health industries due to its active compounds such as chamazulene, alpha-bisabolol as well as alpha-bisabolol A.Chamomile plant (Matricari chamomilla L.) has a very important role in various pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and health industries due to its compound compounds such as camazolin, alphabisabolol and alphabisabolol A. In this plant, organic nutrition and improved absorption of mineral elements would play an important role in the raise of yield and essence quality. Therefore, the use of biofertilizers such as mycorrhizal-like fungi is regarded as an important issue in the reduction of chemical fertilizer application and maintain crop health and the environment in nowadays agriculture. The use of the natural mineral, zeolite, is one of the new strategies in agricultural development for increasing water and nutrient use efficacy, where it improves plant growth through its capacity for water preservation and supply of nutritional materials.
Material and methods: To study the effect of the application of the fungus Serendipita indica and the natural zeolit (Clinoptilolite) on the quantitative and qualitative yield of the German chamomile cv. Presov, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replicates was performed in the experimental field of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan during 2006-2007. The experimental factors included the fungus with two levels (either inoculation/ no inoculation) and zeolit with four levels of the application rates (tonnes per hectare): Z1 (0), Z2 (5), Z3 (10) and Z4 (15). After crop harvest performed omitting the marginal effect in a border-band of 50 cm width per plot surroundings, the traits of the number of secondary branches, the number of flowers per plant, biological yield, essence percentage, essence yield, the rate of phenolics, and flavonoids as well as the rate of antioxidant activity were determined.
Results and discussion: The inoculation with the fungus and the lower levels of zeolit led to increased number of secondary branches and of flowers per plant. The highest rate of biological yield was obtained with 10 tonnes of zeolit per hectare, which was not statistically a significant difference from other levels of zeolite application but still significantly different from that in control. Higher percentage of extract could be produced with lower rates of zeolit. The highest rate of extract yield was yielded as a result of the inoculation with S. indica. Furthermore, the application of zeolite led to increased extract yield, so that the lowest rate of extract yield resulted from the no zeolit treatment. The rate of flavonoids, as well as phenolics were higher when the fungus was inoculated than in the absence of inoculation.
Conclusion: Considering the results of this research, the beneficial impacts of zeolite, as well as the mycorrhiza-like fungus application are notable as an organic nutritional system in the provision of most nutrients required by the medicinal plant chamomile, and in turn  the increase of its extract yield. Moreover, the advantages of the substituent nutritional system can environmentally be considerable compared to traditional agricultural systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essence yield
  • number of flowers
  • mycorrhiza-like
  • phenolics
  • flavonoids

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 20، شماره 2
1401
صفحه 155-170

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