عاملهای تاثیرگذار بر جلب مشارکت دانشجویان مراکز آموزش عالی کشور در امر تفکیک پسماندهای شهری از مبدأ – مورد مطالعه: پردیس نازلوی دانشگاه ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه ارومیه، تهران، ایران

2 گروه عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف:
تشویق دانشجویان به عنوان سفیران محیط‌ زیست در منازل، به مشارکت در جداسازی اجزای قابل بازیافت پسماند تولیدی از مبدأ، می‌تواند دورنمایی روشنی را برای مدیریت صحیح پسماندها در آینده کشور ترسیم کند. عمده پژوهش­ های پیشین در زمینه شناخت عامل­ های مؤثر بر جلب مشارکت عمومی در تفکیک زایده ­ها و میزان تاثیرگذاری آن­ها، معطوف به منطقه­ های شهری (و نه محیط‌های آموزشی همچون دانشگاه‌ها) بوده و بیشتر، آثار برهم کنش عامل­ های مختلف در نتایج، مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته است. بر این اساس، در تحقیق حاضر میزان آگاهی، نوع نگرش و شیوه‌های افزایش سطح مشارکت دانشجویان در اجرای طرح تفکیک از مبدأ، با انتخاب پردیس نازلوی دانشگاه ارومیه بعنوان مورد مطالعه، بررسی شده است.
مواد و روش‌ها:
تعداد 113 پرسشنامه شامل 11 سوال چند بخشی، بصورت تصادفی ساده بین دانشجویان توزیع شد (مصاحبه حضوری) و نتایج توسط نرم افزارSPSS  تحلیل شدند. روایی پرسشنامه توسط اعتبار صوری و پایایی آن براساس ضریب آلفای کرونباخ کل(841/0) ارزیابی گردید. داده‌ها در دو سطح توصیفی و استنباطی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. در سطح توصیفی از جدول­ های توزیع فراوانی استفاده شده است و در سطح استنباطی توسط آزمون کای دو پیرسون، رابطه بین متغیرهای هر فرضیه به ­دست آمد. ضرایب کرامر و همخوانی کندال، جهت سنجش وجود رابطه بین متغیرها و جدول­های آزمون من-ویتنی، به ­منظور تعیین شدت همبستگی، محاسبه شدند.
نتایج و بحث:
نتایج آزمون فرضیه‌ها نشان داد که سطح آگاهی و جنسیت در مشارکت دانشجویان نقش بسزایی دارد. از سوی دیگر، بدلیل قرار گرفتن افراد در بازه سنی محدود و بالاتر بودن سطح تحصیلات ایشان از متوسط جامعه، این عامل­ ها اثرگذاری چندانی بر رفتار مسئولانه ‌محیط زیستی دانشگاهیان نخواهد داشت. ترجیح روش‌های آموزشی نظیر برپایی نمایشگاه محصول­ های بازیافتی توسط مصاحبه‌شوندگان و تاثیرپذیر نبودن مشارکت از آموزش چهره به چهره، نشانگر تمایل دانشجویان به کسب آموزش از طریق شیوه‌های نوین آموزشی می‌باشد. مصاحبه‌شوندگان اطمینان از بازگشت درآمد حاصل به امور رفاهی را مهم ترین عامل در افزایش مشارکت دانسته‌اند. به بیان دیگر، بدلیل نوپا بودن اقدام­ های ‌محیط زیستی و تجربه اندک کنشگرهای اجتماعی، مشارکت افراد در تفکیک از مبدأ زایدات بدون تأمین انتظار­های مادی، قابل انتظار نخواهد بود.
نتیجه‌گیری:
نتایج نشان می‌دهد که بیشتر دانشجویان پردیس نازلوی دانشگاه ارومیه تمایل به مشارکت در تفکیک زایدات از مبدأ داشته(با نمره عالی 56/7 از 9) ولی بـه دلیـل نبود آگـاهی کافی در این زمینه(با نمره متوسط 54/4 از 9) و نداشتن برنامه‌ریزی مرتبط با موضوع در بخش خدمات دانشگاه(با نمره بسیار ضعیف 96/1 از 9)، همچنین اطلاع‌رسانی ناکافی و کمبود آموزش‌های بیان شده از سوی مجموعه مدیریتی دانشگاه(با نمره ضعیف 71/2 از 9)، تفکیـک در مبـدا بطـور اصولی انجام نمی‌شود. بدلیل ارزیابی ضعیف عملکرد مسئولان خدماتی دانشگاه در زمینه اطلاع‌رسانی و آموزش تفکیک از مبدأ و نیز مشاهده نکردن نشانه‌هایی مبنی بر جدی بودن ایشان در این راستا در آینده، اعتماد دانشجویان به نهاد دانشگاه، به ­نسبت اندک بوده و این امر تأثیر درخور توجهی در مشارکت ایشان در طرح خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Factors affecting the participation rate of higher-education students in domestic solid waste segregation (case study: Nazloo Campus of Urmia University)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Eskandari 1
  • Mehdi Ghanbarzadeh Lak 2
1 Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia , Iran
2 Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia , Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction:
Encouraging higher-education students, as ambassadors of environmental activities within their homes, to increase their participation in waste segregation of recyclables, can provide a clear perspective for the proper management of wastes in the country. Most of the previous studies on identifying the factors affecting public participation rate in the segregation of wastes have focused on urban areas (and not on educational environments such as universities), and the effects of the interaction of various factors on the results have not been considered. Accordingly, in this research, the level of knowledge, type of attitude, and methods of increasing the participation rate of students in waste segregation have been investigated in the Nazlou campus of Urmia University.
Material and methods:
A total of 113 questionnaires containing 11 multi-part questions were randomly distributed among the students (face to face interview) and the results were analyzed by SPSS software. The validity of the mentioned questionnaire was assessed by the face validity technique and its reliability was evaluated based on Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient (i.e., 0.884). For descriptive purposes, frequency distribution tables were used. For inferential purposes, the relationship between the variables of each hypothesis was obtained by Chi-square test. Furthermore, using Kramer's and Kendal's coefficient of correlation, the relationship between independent and dependent variables was assessed. Using Mann-Whitney test tables, the severity of the correlation coefficients were determined separately.
Results and discussion:
The test results of the hypotheses showed that factors including knowledge level and gender of interviewees play a significant role in the student’s participation. On the other hand, due to the limited age range of the target population and their high level of education, these factors didn’t have much impact on the responsible behavior of the academics. Preferring educational methods such as organizing exhibitions on recyclable products by interviewees, and no impact of face-to-face education, indicated that they are willing to acquire related information through new educational methods. Interviewees asserted that being certain about the expenditure of project revenues on students’ welfare affairs is the main factor in the increase in their participation rate. In other words, because environmental measures are newly developed and social activists have limited experiences, the participation of individuals in waste segregation activities without fulfilling their financial expectations is not feasible.
Conclusion:
The results of the current study indicated that most students of Nazloo Campus of Urmia University were willing to participate in domestic waste segregation (with a score of 7.56 out of 9). Unfortunately, due to their inadequate knowledge about the subject (with a score of 4.54), and lack of associated executive programs in the university (with a score of 1.96), as well as the lack of training programs provided by the university (with a score of 2.71), the waste segregation was not implemented properly. Due to the poor evaluation of the university staff’s performance in the field of providing waste segregation educations, the students had no trust in the university and this fact had a significant effect on their participation in the plan.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Domestic solid waste
  • Waste segregation
  • participation
  • Higher educational centers
  • Nazloo Campus of Urmia University
  1. Abtahi, M., Saeedi, R., Nasrollah Boroojerdi, M., Fakhraeefar, A., Bayat, A., Mokari, S., Aliasgari, F., Ankoti, A. and Alizadeh, M., 2015. Public awareness, education and participation in solid waste management in Tehran. Journal of Health in the Field. 3(2), 7-16. (In Persian with English Abstract).
  2. Aghili, S.M., Khoshfar, Gh.R. and Salehi, S., 2009. Social capital and environmental responsible behaviours in the North of Iran (Case Study: Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan Provinces). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 16 (Special issue 1-a), 236-250. (In Persian with English Abstract).
  3. Ahmadimasoud, N., Zarghami, M., Safayishakib, S., Darghahi, A. and Samadi Khadem, Sh., 2013. Survey of public participation in Hamadan solid waste source separation plan, 3th Conference on Environmental Planning and Management, University of Tehran. (In Persian).
  4. Alavi Moghaddam, S.M. and Delbari, A.S., 2009. Evaluation of the Knowledge of the B.Sc. Students in the field of solid waste management in the environment. Journal of Technology of Education. 3(4), 309-314. (In Persian with English Abstract).
  5. Atayi, M., 2016. Multi-criteria decision-making. Publications of Shahrood University of Technology. (In Persian).
  6. Barekova, A. and Franekova Z., 2015. Composition analysis of municipal solid waste at a University Dormitory. Acta Horticulturae ET Regiotectuare. 18(2), 49-52.
  7. Brown, P.M.B.L.C. and Hambley, D.F., 2002. Statistics for environmental engineers, 2nd ed., CRC Press LLC.
  8. Espinosa, R.M., Turpin, S., Polanco, G., De laTorre, A., Delfin, I. and Raygoza, I., 2008. Integral urban solid waste management program in a Mexican University. Waste Management. 28, S27-S32.
  9. Fahiminia, M., Farzadkia, M., Nazari, Sh., Arsang Jang, Sh., Alizadeh Matboo, S., Ibrahimi, A. and Bidekhti, M., 2013. Evaluation of the status of citizen participation in municipal waste source separation plan and offering corrective strategies. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal. 7(5), 66-72. (In Persian with English Abstract).
  10. Gallardo, A., Edo-Alcon, N., Carlos, M. and Renau, M., 2016. The determination of waste generation and composition as an essential tool to improve the waste management plan of a university. Waste management. 53, 3-11.
  11. Ghanbari, Q., Arshi, Sh., Kamri, M. and Soroush-Zadeh, M., 2015. Strategic factors of household solid waste segregation at source program, awareness and participation of citizens of the 3-municipality district of Tehran. Community Health (Salamat-Iijtimai). 2(3), 149-156. (In Persian with English Abstract).
  12. Ghanbarzadeh Lak, M. and Sabour, M.R., 2010. Greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption through solid waste disposal scenarios using LCA, Case Study: Siri Island. Journal of Environmental Science. 36, 67-78. (In Persian with English Abstract).
  13. Ghanbarzadeh Lak, M., Shahdi Ch., and Mozaffari R., 2013-a. Appropriate Patterns in Institutional Solid Waste Management - Case study: Urmia University, 16th National Conference on Environmental Health, Tabriz Uuniversity (In Persian)
  14. Ghanbarzadeh Lak, M., Shariatmadari, N., Sabour, M., Ghanatiyan Najaf Abadi, R. and Heydari, M., 2013-b. Developing a technical, environmental and economical evaluation model based on GIS and ANP to assess municipal solid waste management scenarios (Case Study: Tehran, Iran). Journal of Environmental Science. 11, 22-9. (In Persian with English Abstract).
  15. Ghanadzadeh, M.J., Bolhasani, A., Akhavan Malayeri, N., Eshrati, B. and Shamsi, M., 2013. The Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice student and teacher about waste management for developing methods of educational in 2012. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences. 16 (9), 36-49. (In Persian with English Abstract).
  16. Hashempour, Y., Rezaei, A., Mousavi, M.R. and Pazhhan, S., 2007. Investigating the status of source separation and recycling of dry wastes in Tehran metropolis. Case study: recycling station of municipality of district#3, 10th national congress of environmental health, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. (In Persian).
  17. Hossain, M.L., Das, S.R., Rubaiyat, A., Salam, M.A., Uddin, M.K. and Hossain, M.K., 2013. Characteristics and management of institutional solid waste of Jamalkhan Ward, Chittagong, Bangladesh. International Journal of Research in Management. 2(3), 155-162.
  18. Hosseini, M.M., Sahabi, A. and Karami Fard, F., 2006. The Study of the Fields of Cultural Improvement in Waste Management in Urmia City, spring of 2006 (1385). 9th National Conference on Environmental Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. (In Persian).
  19. Karimi, J., Sadeghi, M., Fadaie, E. and Mehdinejad, M., 2015. The effect of intervention through both face to face training and educational pamphlets on separation and recycling of solid waste in the Kalaleh City. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 8(3), 275-284. (In Persian with English Abstract).
  20. Kheiri, Sh. and Azadarmaki, A., 2014. Identify the factors affecting the adoption of waste management by the citizens of Tehran. Urban Management Studies. 6(17), 67-79. (In Persian with English aAbstract).
  21. Mazaheri, M.M. and Karamati Nejad, H., 2013. Assessing factors influencing the effectiveness of face to face training of Tehran citizens' behavior regarding urban waste management issues (Case Study of 18th Zone of Tehran City). Urban Management Studies. 5(14), 49-64. (In Persian with English Abstract).
  22. Mehdinejad, M.H., 2001. A survey on collecting, transportation, and disposal of waste materials in gorgan city and providing appropriate strategies for sanitary landfilling, The 4th National Conference on Environmental Health, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. (In Persian).
  23. Mozaffari, R. and Ghanbarzadeh Lak, M., 2015. Economic assessment of manure composting using the co-composter software package, case study-west Azerbaijan province, International Conference on Architecture, Urban Planning, Civil Engineering, Art and Environment, Institute of Culture, Art and Architecture, Jahad-e-Daneshghahi, Tehran. (In Persian).
  24. Nouri, J., Abbaspour, M. and Torabi Fard, M., 2010. Environmental risk assessment and management in an educational unit, using FMEA method. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 12(3), 61-70. (In Persian with English Abstract).
  25. Okeniyi, J.O. and Anwan, E.U., 2012. Solid wastes generation in Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria: characterisation and implication for sustainable waste management. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science. 3(2), 419-424.
  26. Qasim, S.R. and Chiang, W., 1994. Sanitary landfill leachate, generation, control, and treatment, translated by: Ghanbarzadeh Lak, M., Amiri, A. and Moradikia, S., Urmia University Press (2014 – In Persian).
  27. Rhyner, C.R., Schwarrtz, L.J., Wenger, R.B. and Coherll, M.G., 1995. Waste management and resource recovery, translated by: Sarbur, M.R., Ghanbarzadeh Lak, M., K.N. Toosi University Press (2011 - In Persian).
  28. Saeedniya, A., 1999. Green guide-book for municipalities: municipal solid wastes, second ed.,Vol 7., municipalities and village assistance offices organization press Inc, Teharn, Iran (In Persian).
  29. Saeifar, A.S., Aghapour, A.S. and Mohammadi, A., 2010. Potential of energy recovery from organic residues of Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2008, 5th National Conference on Waste Management, Mashhad. (In Persian).
  30. Safari Alamooti, P. and Shams, A., 2015. Factors affecting the household waste prevention behavior of rural households in Qazvin County of Iran.
  31. Village and Development. 18(1), 45-70.(In Persian with English abstract).
  32. Salehi, S., Bokharaei, A. and Ahmadi, J., 2016. The role of training citizens in domestic waste management (case study: the region 8 of Tehran Municipality). Journal of Environmental Sciences.
  33. (4), 43-52. (In Persian with English abstract).
  34. Smyth, D.P., Fredeen, A.L. and Booth, A.L., 2010. Reducing solid waste in higher education: the first step towards ‘Greening’ a University campus, resources. Conservation and Recycling. 54(11), 1007-1016.
  35. Tavanaye Bashrooyeh, H., Behzadi, M.H. and khani, M.R., 2016. Offering conceptual model for public participation in solid waste management in Tehran (Case Study: 3, 6 and 21 Districts). Journal of Human and Environment. 14(3), 37-46. (In Persian with English abstract).
  36. Yhdego, M., 1994. Institutional organic wastes as a soil conditioner in Tanzania, resources.
  37. Conservation and Recycling. 12(3-4), 185-194.